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ELA8C1 The student demonstrates understanding and control of the rules of the English language, realizing that usage involves the appropriate application of conventions and grammar in both written and spoken formats. The student g. Produces final drafts/presentations that demonstrate accurate spelling and the correct use of punctuation and capitalization. • ELA8W4 The student consistently uses the writing process to develop, revise, and evaluate writing. • c. Edits writing to improve word choice, grammar, punctuation, etc.
ELA8C1 g. Produces final drafts/presentations that demonstrate accurate spelling and the correct use of punctuation and capitalization. ELA8W4 c. Edits writing to improve word choice, grammar, punctuation, etc. • Why is correct punctuation necessary for writing effectively? • How can you demonstrate your knowledge of punctuation?
Basic Punctuation Concepts • Declarative sentence • Interrogative sentence • Imperative sentence • Exclamatory sentence • Period • Exclamation point • Question mark • Comma • Parenthesis • Colon • Semi-colon • Apostrophe • Hyphen/dash • Quotation marks
Basic Punctuation Concepts • Write the symbol, the name, the definition, and example sentence.
Let’s start with the Declarative Sentence. A declarative sentence tells something. It ends with a period. . John and Stephanie whisper about the surprise party for Tyra. This sentence TELLS about John and Stephanie. It ends in a period.
Let’s start with the Declarative Sentence. A declarative sentence tells something. It ends with a period. How clever of James to come up with such a unique rescue plan. This sentence TELLS someone’s opinion about James’ rescue plan. Again, it ends in a period.
Now let’s talk about the Interrogative Sentence. An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark. ? Would you like some cookies? Notice how it ends with a question mark. This sentence ASKS if you want cookies.
The Imperative Sentence. An imperative sentence gives an order. It ends with a period OR an exclamation point. . or ! Go walk the dog. Notice how it ends with a period. This sentence TELLS you to do something.
The Imperative Sentence. An imperative sentence gives an order. It ends with a period OR an exclamation point. Get out there and walk the dog! Again, this sentence TELLS you to do something. Notice how it ends with an exclamation point. This tells us the speaker REALLY wants the dog walked!
And last, but not least, the Exclamatory Sentence. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings. It ends with an exclamation point. ! My birthday party is tomorrow! This sentence SHOWS you how excited the speaker is . It does this by ending the sentence with an exclamation point.
And last, but not least, the Exclamatory Sentence. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings. It ends with an exclamation point. Mom! Trevor’s chasing Amy with water balloons! The sentence’s punctuation tells you how to read the sentence .
And last, but not least, the Exclamatory Sentence. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings. It ends with an exclamation point. Get out there and walk the dog! Coming back to this sentence, we notice that it is an imperative sentence that expresses strong feelings . It does this by ending the sentence with an exclamation point. This sentence is BOTH imperative and exclamatory!
Now it’s your turn! Remember the four kinds of sentences and don’t forget that imperative sentences can end two ways!
Let’s Put an end to sentences! Language Arts
What is an end mark? • An end mark is also known as punctuation, and comes at the end of a sentence. It lets you know • when to stop. • What are the different kinds of • end marks?
The period comes at the end of statements and commands. It is raining today. Do not interrupt me. A question mark means something is being asked. Are you going to lunch? An exclamation mark shows excitement or feeling. That is a huge dog!
The period is used for more than just an end mark. It is used in abbreviations: 8130 Malone St. J. K.Rollings Ms. Jackson Dr.Maxie
Where are we going exclamation mark period Question mark
Go Back oops! You’ve been zapped. wrong answer
Correct ? Where are we going This sentence is a question, so it gets a question mark.
The phone is ringing exclamation mark question mark period
Go Back oops! You’ve been zapped. wrong answer
Correct The phone is ringing. This sentence is a statement, so it gets a period.
That car is going to crash period exclamation mark question mark
Go Back oops! You’ve been zapped. wrong answer
Correct ! That car is going to crash This sentence shows excitement, so it gets an exclamation mark.
That tree is going to fall on the house exclamation mark period question mark
Go Back oops! You’ve been zapped. wrong answer
Correct That tree is going to fall on the house ! This sentence is a exclamation, so it gets an exclamation mark.
Put those papers away period exclamation mark question mark
Go Back oops! wrong answer You’ve been zapped. wrong answer wrong answer wrong answer
Correct Put those papers away. This sentence is a command, so it gets a period.
Remember, An end mark comes at the END of a sentence, and lets you know when to There are a few more members of the punctuation family… Click here to meet them.
Punctuation Rap Punctuation rap is a game we play. It’s fun to do, and we can learn that way. Take the period, the period; he’s not hard to understand. You’ll find him at the end of a sentence or command. He marks abbreviations, shortens words that are long. Don’t forget the period, he’s small but strong. Question mark, question mark, what did you say? He follows a question, that’s the only way. Wow! Awesome! Rad! Hurray! The exclamation point is next; he’s got something to say. He follows something loud, he’s excited to play. Don’t use him too much, he won’t be special that way. The comma is next, he is used a lot He can separate a list of some groceries you bought You’ll find him in the middle of the year and the date, Between two adjectives, or a city and state. You can join two sentences with a “but” or an “and” Just remember the comma, he will give you a hand. There is one more place that our comma has been, He comes after a clause that tells you when. The dash-the dash-he’s here, then he’s gone. If you need to make a pause, then you bring him along. Quotation marks are nosey. They have no reservations About hanging around in any conversation, You must put quotes around a thing that is said, And also a poem or a story you’ve read. The colon likes to show a list that will come, His brother, the “semi” will not be outdone. The semicolon joins two sentences with no, and If you have too many commas, he can take a stand.
, The comma • The comma is used to separate a list. • My favorite animals are giraffes, • dogs, cats, and birds. • It is also used between the date and the year. • It was December 24,2001.
The English House of Commas Use a comma to set off the elements of a series (three or more things), including the last two. My favorite uses of the Internet are sending e-mail, surfing the Web, and using chat rooms. You may have learned that this comma is not necessary. Sometimes, however, the last two items in your series will glom into one if you don’t use the so-called serial comma.
The English House of Commas Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so) to separate two independent clauses. The public seems eager for some kind of gun control legislation, but the congress is obviously too timid to enact any truly effective measures. If the two independent clauses are brief and nicely balanced, this comma may be omitted, but the comma is always correct. Our team is very good but their team is better.
The English House of Commas Use a comma to set off introductory elements. Anxious about the upcoming winter, settlers began to bicker among themselves about supplies. In the winter of 1644, nearly half the settlers died of starvation or exposure. If the introductory element is brief and the sentence can be read easily without the comma, it can be omitted. In 1649 the settlers abandoned their initial outpost.
The English House of Commas Use a comma to separate coordinate adjectives. Coaches grew weary of running practices in the drafty, dreary, dilapidated gymnasium. The designs for an expensive, modern gym should make them happy. If you could put a but or an and between the adjectives, you should put a comma between them. expensive and modern = expensive, modern . . . . But not “a little and old house.” “A little old house” would be correct.
The English House of Commas Use a comma to set off elements that express a contrast or a turn in the sentence. The house was cute, but too expensive for the newlyweds. They were looking for something practical, not luxurious
The English House of Commas Use a comma to set off states and countries, years (in a full date), titles, etc. The conference was originally set for Geneva, Switzerland, but was then rescheduled for Chicago, Illinois. Their wedding date was set for August 5, 2000, in the college chapel in Newton, Massachusetts. Tashonda Klondike, Chair of the Ways and Means Committee, submitted the committee’s final report.
The English House of Commas Use a comma to set off quoted language. Frost’s poem “Fire and Ice” begins with the lines, “Some say the world will end in fire, / Some say in ice.” “Fire when ready, Gridley,” the Admiral said. “We can’t see into the future,” said the President, “but we have to prepare for it nonetheless.”
The English House of Commas Use a comma to set off parenthetical elements. This is the most difficult rule in comma usage. A parenthetical element is “added information,” something that can be removed from a sentence without changing the essential meaning of that sentence. Deciding what is “added information” and what is essential is sometimes difficult. See the next slide.
The English House of Commas Parenthetical elements: When an appositive phrase can be removed from a sentence without changing its meaning or making it ambiguous: Robert Frost, perhaps America’s most beloved poet, died when he was 88. An absolute phrase is treated as a parenthetical element: Frankly, it doesn’t seem to matter. An addressed person’s (or people’s) name is always parenthetical: I am warning you, good citizens of Hartford, this vote is crucial to the future of our city.
The English House of Commas One more parenthetical element: An interjection is treated as a parenthetical element: Excuse me, but there are, of course, many points of view that we must consider before voting.
The English House of Commas One last rule: Don’t over-use commas! When a comma is needed, use it; otherwise, do without. Reviewing the rules of comma usage will help you understand the way sentences are built — and that, ultimately, will help you become a better writer.
Parentheses Use parentheses (or commas) to enclose qualifying detail that is of secondary importance within sentences. (Parentheses can also be used to enclose one or more entire sentences that add relevant, but not essential, detail to the main discussion.)
The colon is made with two periods. 11:35 pm It is used for time. It comes before a list. I will need the following items from the store: bananas, grapes, watermelon, and lemons.
