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Gastrointestinal Tract

Gastrointestinal tractEsophagusDysphagia (difficulty in swallowing):- diseases that narrow or obstruct the lumen Pain and Hematemesis:- inflammation or ulceration of the esophageal mucosaHeartburn (retrosternal burning pain):- regurgitation of gastric contents Most frequent GI complaint - gas"

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Gastrointestinal Tract

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    1. Gastrointestinal Tract

    2. Gastrointestinal tract Esophagus Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing):- diseases that narrow or obstruct the lumen Pain and Hematemesis:- inflammation or ulceration of the esophageal mucosa Heartburn (retrosternal burning pain):- regurgitation of gastric contents Most frequent GI complaint - gas. Inflammation (acute or chronic itis) & ulcers Sinuses blind tubes Fistulas tunnels Perforation hollow viscous open up into hollow cavity ( usually peritoneal cavity) Herniation can be internal or external Bleeding (MC anemia of GI bleeding -IDA) Tumors

    3. Esophagus Structures : UES (upper esophageal sphincter) made up of skeletal muscle Cricopharyngeus muscle Involved in scleroderma or systemic sclerosis LES (lower esophageal sphincter) opens into the stomach gastro-esophageal junction ( 3 cm ), if >3cm is called as ? transitional zone which is columnar 1.Congenital anomalies : produce choking on breast feeding Atresia (noncanalized segment) Fistulas (Connection/opening between esophagus and trachea) several types Webs (produce dysphagia to solids) Webs - Plummer-Vinson / Paterson-Kelly syndrome( post cricoid web, IDA, Glossitis, cheilosis in perimenopausal female, Risk of postcricoid Squamous cell carcinoma )

    4. Fistulae

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