Standard: 21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War

1. Standard: 21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War 24.Explore how a region’s history, geography, and economics influences its view of other cultures and events (relate to North and South)

2. The South

3. Southern Economy • Before the American Revolution • Southern crops included: tobacco, rice, indigo • After Revolution • Cotton was king

4. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin • Removed seeds from cotton • “… one man and a horse will do more than fifty men and the old machines. • Eli Whitney

5. Cotton Boom • Cotton was so profitable Southern families abandoned other crops • The removal of Native Americans opened up more land • Plantations grew • Cotton production boomed

6. Cotton Belt • Cotton production spread as far west as Texas

7. It cost little to market It could be stored for a long time But … It quickly depleted the soil Farmers turned to crop rotation To grow a different crop in a field each year It took many field hand to grow and harvest cotton Led to an increase in the slave trade Advantage of Cotton as a Cash Crop

8. The South became a major player in world trade Great Britain was a valuable trade partner The South also traded with Northeast textile mills Cotton Trade

9. This led to the growth of major port cities • Charleston, South Carolina • Savannah, George • New Orleans, Louisiana

10. Food crops Corn – the primary food crop Rice Wheat Sweet potatoes Sugar cane Cash crops Tobacco Hemp For rope and cloth Other Crops grown in the South

11. Industry in the South • Cotton mills • Steam power sawmills • Iron works

12. The only factory in the south to produce bridge materials, cannons, and steam engines Southern factories faced stiff competition from the North and England Tredegar Iron Works

13. Review • Pg 419 #1a-c, 2a&b, 3a&b

14. Southern Society • Only about 1/3 of white southern families had plantations with slaves • But owners of these plantations greatly influenced Southern economy

15. Plantations • Men – raised crops, supervised slave laborers, and discussed political issues • Women – raised children, supervised household slaves, and hosted dances and dinner

16. Marriage • Parents arranged their children’s marriages • Usually based on business interests

17. Yeomen and Poor Whites • Yeomen – owners of small farms • They owned few or no slaves • The entire family worked the farm

18. Southern cities had public water systems and well maintained streets Slaves in the city worked: As Domestic Servants In mills In shipyards At skilled jobs Urban Life

19. Religion and Society • Most white southerners had similar religious beliefs • With plantations miles apart, they often only saw their neighbors at church events • Socials • Revivals

20. They thought their religion Justified their position in society Justified the institution of slavery. They felt that God created some people to rule others Wealthy White Southerners

21. Free African Americans • There were more than 250,000 in the South and included: • Descendants of slaves freed after the American Revolution • Descendants of the Haiti revolution • Former slave who ran away • Former slaves who had been freed • Former slaves who paid for their freedom

22. Some worked on farms • Some worked as laborers on plantations • Some worked as skilled artisans

23. Discrimination • Laws were passed to prevent free African Americans from: • Voting • Traveling freely • Transacting business freely • They were required they have a white person with them • Many Southerners believed African Americans could not take care of themselves “the status of slavery is the only one for which the African is adapted” - A white Mississippian

24. Review • Pg 423 #1a-c, 2a-c

25. The Slave System • Most slaves worked in rural areas on farms and plantations • Supervisors, sometimes a slave, made sure orders were followed and punishment carried out

26. Gang-labor system All field hands worked on the same task at the same time They worked from sunup to sundown Workers included men, women, and children over 10 Sickness and poor weather did not stop work Work in the Field

27. Work in the Home • Some slaves worked in the home as butlers, cooks, or nurses • They usually had better food, clothes and shelter than field slaves • Were required to be available 24 hours a day

28. Some slaves worked as blacksmiths or carpenters And sometimes sold their services to other people The money went to the owner, but occasionally owners would let the slave keep some Some slaves saved enough to free themselves and sometimes their family Skilled Jobs

29. Slaves were viewed as property Bought and sold for a profit Usually at a slave auction Families were often split apart Sometimes freed blacks were kidnapped and sold into slavery Life Under Slavery

30. Slaves lived in dirt floor cabins with few furnishings and leaky roofs They wore simple cheap clothing of coarse cloth Food rations were small Some slaves kept small gardens for vegetables, or had chickens Living Conditions

31. Family was very important in the slave community They feared separation more than punishment Slave Culture

32. Was passed down from parents to children through folktales Stories included tricksters where animals often represented slaves These stories reassured the slaves that they could survive by outsmarting slaveholders History and Traditions

33. Was a very important part of slave culture Many slaves were Christians They saw themselves like slaves of the Old Testament God’s chosen people They believed that someday they would live in freedom Religion

34. Slaves sang spirituals that blended traditional African religion with Christianity • They worshiped in secret, out of sight of slaveholders • The invisible institution

35. Seeds of Rebellion • Slaves rebelled daily in small ways • They worked slower to protest long hours in the fields • They an away for a few days • They tried to escape, risking severe punishment • Some went to visit relatives • Some left permanently • Thousands succeeded

36. Slave revolts were few, but white southerners lived in fear of them Two rebellions were stopped before they began Gabriel Prosser Richmond, Virginia Denmark Vesey Charleston, South Carolina Slave Uprisings

37. He was a slave from Southampton, Virginia He believed God told him to end slavery He led a group of slaves in a plan to kill all slaveholders and their families He began with his owners, then went through the community They killed 60 white people Nat Turner’s Rebellion

38. 100 innocent slaves were killed in the attempt to stop the rebellion Turner led authorities on a countrywide chase for 6 weeks He was caught, brought to trial, made to confess, and was executed As a result of the rebellion many states strengthened their slave codes

39. Despite resistance slavery continued to spread • Many northerners began to press for racial equality and abolitionists worked to put an to end slavery

40. Review • Pg 429 #1a&b, 2a&b, 3a&b, 4a&b

41. Next up … New Movements in America