ES&H – Radiation Protection

1. ES&H – Radiation Protection Lena Johansson Senior Radiation Protection Expert www.europeanspallationsource.se 18 November, 2019

2. Role for ESH Division Requirements Support Licensing Permits Independent review System Owners Radiation Safety Radiation Protection SSM Radiation Protection Safety Env. Court Rad and Hazardous Waste Security Security Länsstyrelsen Skåne Occupational Health Safety Energy & Environment Local Fire Brigade Energy & Environment Safety Training Lund Municipality 2

3. RPE Function overall aim The main goals of the Radiation Protection Expert (RPE) Function are to: • Ensure justification for all activities with ionising radiation at ESS • Ensure the limitation of personnel doses are kept below the legal limits • Ensure that individual and collective doses are kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). 3

4. Laws and Directives The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority’s regulations concerning basic provisions for the protection of workers and the general public in practices involving ionising radiation (SSMFS 2008:51) can be found here. Radiation Protection Act (1988:220) can be found here. 4

5. Swedish regulation – categorization of workers Workers Category A Workers Category B Annual effective dose (Eff D) > 6 mSv 1 mSv < Eff D < 6 mSv Annual equivalent dose (Equ D) to the lens of eyes > 45 mSv 15 mSv < Equ D < 45 mSv Annual equivalent dose (Equ D) to skin > 150 mSv 50 mSv < Equ D < 150 mSv Annual equivalent dose (Equ D) to hands, forearms, feet and ankles > 150 mSv 50 mSv < Equ D < 150 mSv Individual doses monitoring : • To be performed for category A workers • External exposure : • Use of individual dose meters from a laboratory for individual dose monitoring which is approved by SSM • Monitoring period is one month or 4 weeks • Individual dose meter appropriate for the practice conducted and kind of radiation • If high doses are expected at “extremities”, measurements of these parts of body shall be performed (not necessarily continuous monitoring) • Internal exposure and skin contamination : • In workplaces with risk of intake or skin contamination, monitoring shall be performed in a way that is appropriate for the radionuclides and kind of work • The dose from internal exposure shall be determined by estimating the intake of activity To be reported to the National Dose register after each monitoring period and yearly 5

6. RPE Function organisation Radiation Protection Expert (RPE) Function Accelerator, Target, and Instruments Dosimetry and Calibration Instrumentation and Monitoring Radioactive waste Environmental monitoring Logistics 6

7. Dose constraints established at ESS 7

8. Radiation Zones within ESS Public area Supervised area Unrestricted Controlled area Restricted controlled area Highly restricted controlled area External whole body dose rate in none permanently occupied areas: EWBDR < 0.5 μSv/h External whole body dose rate: EWBDR < 3 μSv/h External whole body dose rate (without airborne contamination): EWBDR < 25 μSv/h External whole body dose rate (without airborne contamination): EWBDR > 2.5 mSv/h External whole body dose rate (without airborne contamination): EWBDR < 2.5 mSv/h Airborne contamination No Airborne contamination (without external radiation) Ac < 2.5 DAC External whole body dose rate in permanently occupied areas: EWBDR < 0. 025 μSv/h Airborne contamination (without external radiation) Ac > 250 DAC Airborne contamination (without external radiation) Ac < 250 DAC Combination: (EWBDR/3 μSv/h) < 1 Combination: (EWBDR/25 μSv/h) + (Ac/2.5 DAC) < 1 Airborne contamination No Combination (EWBDR/2.5 mSv/h) + (Ac/250 DAC) > 1 Combination (EWBDR/2.5 mSv/h) + (Ac/250 DAC) < 1 Surface contamination b, γ < 4 Bq/cm2 α < 0.4 Bq/cm2 Surface contamination b,γ < 40 Bq/cm2 α < 4 Bq/cm2 Surface contamination No Surface contamination b,γ < 100 Bq/cm2 α < 10 Bq/cm2 Surface contamination b,γ > 100 Bq/cm2 Α > 10 Bq/cm2 Temporary hotspots Temporary hotspots: Temporary hotspots No 3 mSv integrated dose over any one-hour period 25 mSv integrated dose over any one- hour period H2 dose to worker < 20 mSv/event H2 dose to worker < 20 mSv/event H2 dose to worker < 2 mSv/event H2 dose to worker < 20 mSv/event Worker will not be allowed to enter if annual dose of the worker has reached 10 mSv. Worker will not be allowed to enter if annual dose of the worker has reached 10 mSv. Worker will not be allowed to enter if annual dose of the worker has reached 3.5 mSv. Worker will not be allowed to enter if annual dose of the worker has reached 10 mSv. 8

9. Personal dosimetry • Passive monitoring of personal doses for radiation workers by TLD/OSL and CR-39 • Active monitoring by DIS or other when access to controlled areas 9

10. RP Training Successfully attending an ESS-specific radiation protection course is obligatory prior to working in Radiation Areas and will be required in order to obtain a personal dosimeter. The course type will be linked to the radiological classification of the area where staff and users will be working. 10

11. ALARA approach at ESS/ Principles Unacceptable risk Individual dose level Dose limit Dose constraint Tolerable risk Optimisation process ALARA level Acceptable risk 11

12. ALARA Deliveries and actors Subsystem ALARA report Facility ALARA report ALARA committee meeting minutes Project manager Associate director for ESH and Q ALARA coordinator ALARA committee missions • • Propose/approve the ESS dose constraints, Audit and guarantee the implementation at ESS of the ALARA approach described in the ALARA PCD (and its evolution according to ALARA committee directives), Approve the ALARA options at the facility level, Follow-up the ALARA indicators. ALARA committee composition ALARA committee chairman EMT External senior expert in radiation protection ALARA coordinator • • • • • • 12

13. IKC important docs for Rad Prot General Safety Objectives (ESS-0000004) ALARA plans (ESS-0037524) ESS Radiation Zoning (ESS-0001786) ESS emergency response plan (ESS-0001133) Medical Examinations (ESS-0052868) Work and Safety Coordination Plan (ESS-0085649) 13

14. IK important considerations More to be considered before work at ESS: Risk analysis, Dose estimates, Work permits (dose limit still to be set) Permit from Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) Transportation of dangerous (including radioactive) goods Waste handling Transport of radioactive material across radiation zones within ESS Radioactive Inventory 14

15. Radiation Protection Important aspects for in-kind contributors: • WSCP in place and communicated • Medical examination for Radiation Workers Cat. A • Radiation Pass Book • Follow ESS policies and procedures – ALARA – Work permits – Local rules – Training – Etc. 15

16. Contact persons ES&H Division Manager: Peter Jacobsson, (peter.jacobsson@esss.se) Radiation Protection Expert: Dr Lena Johansson (lena.johansson@esss.se) Waste handling: Dr Per Persson (per.persson@esss.se) Thank you 16