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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. European Unification The Long Decade (1989-2001) Fall of the Soviet Union Apartheid Repealed The Rwandan Genocide ] The Yugoslav War The Long Decade (1989-2001) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Globalization The Long Decade (1989-2001)(continued) ] The Long Decade (1989-2001) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  6. The Long Decade (1989-2001) > European Unification European Unification • The European Coal and Steel Community • The European Economic Community • The European Union Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989-2001-1570/european-unification-1571/

  7. The Long Decade (1989-2001) > Fall of the Soviet Union Fall of the Soviet Union • The Soviet Union's Aging Leadership • Gorbachev and Perestroika • Unrest in the Soviet Union • Fall of the Berlin Wall • Dissolution of the USSR Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989-2001-1570/fall-of-the-soviet-union-1575/

  8. The Long Decade (1989-2001) > Apartheid Repealed Apartheid Repealed • Institutional Racism in South Africa • The African National Congress • Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989-2001-1570/apartheid-repealed-1581/

  9. The Long Decade (1989-2001) > The Rwandan Genocide The Rwandan Genocide • Composition of the Rwandan Population • Imperialism and Racial Divisions • 100 Days of Violence • Aftermath and Reconciliation in Rwanda • The Lack of International Response Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989-2001-1570/the-rwandan-genocide-1585/

  10. The Long Decade (1989-2001) > The Yugoslav War The Yugoslav War • Populations of the Former Yugoslavia • NATO and UN Intervention • The Bosnian War • Prosecution in the International Criminal Court Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989-2001-1570/the-yugoslav-war-1591/

  11. The Long Decade (1989-2001) > Globalization Globalization • The Development of the Internet • Ease of Movement • International Trade • Globalization and Democracy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989-2001-1570/globalization-1596/

  12. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Key terms • apartheidA system ofinstitutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in SouthAfrica between 1948 and 1991. • apartheidA system ofinstitutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in SouthAfrica between 1948 and 1991. • Atlantic CharterA pivotal policy statement issued on August 14,1941, that defined the Allied goals for the post-war world: no territorialaggrandizement, no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people,restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, reduction of traderestrictions, global cooperation to secure better economic and socialconditions for all, freedom from fear and want, freedom of the seas,abandonment of the use of force, and disarmament of aggressor nations. • BantustansAlso known as Bantu homeland, black homeland,black state, or simply homeland, a territory set aside forblack inhabitants of South Africa and South-West Africa (now Namibia) as partof apartheid. Ten were established in South Africa andten in neighboring South-West Africa (then under South African administration)for members of designated ethnic groups. This made each territory ethnically homogeneous to create autonomous nation-states for South Africa's black ethnic groups. • Chapter VI mandateThe chapter of the United Nations Charter that dealswith peaceful settlement of disputes. It requires countries with disputes thatcould lead to war to first seek solutions via peaceful methods. If thesemethods of alternative dispute resolution fail, the issue must be referred tothe UN Security Council. • defectionIn politics, a person who gives up allegiance toone state in exchange for allegiance to another in a way that is consideredillegitimate by the first state. • Digital RevolutionThechange from mechanical and analog electronic technology to digitalelectronics with the adoption and proliferation of digital computers andinformation. • fakir bedsEssentially, a bed of nails used asa deterrent to vehicle or foot crossing of an expanse. • FrançafriqueA portmanteau of France and Afrique used todenote France’s relationship with its former African colonies and sometimesextended to cover former Belgian colonies as well. • GacacaLoosely translated to “justice among the grass,” a system of community justice inspired by Rwandan tradition. It was adapted in 2001 to fit the needs of Rwanda inthe wake of the 1994 genocide. • glasnostRoughlytranslating to “openness,” the reforms to the political andjudicial system in the 1980s that ensured greater freedoms for the publicand the press as well as increased government transparency. • glasnostRoughly translating to “openness”, reforms to the political and judicial system made in the 1980sthat ensured greater freedoms for the public and the press as well as increasedgovernment transparency. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. The Long Decade (1989-2001) • glasnostRoughly translating to “openness”, this termrefers to the reforms the political and judicial system made in the 1980sthat ensured greater freedoms for the public and the press and increasedgovernment transparency. • Goulash CommunismThe variety of communism as practiced in theHungarian People's Republic from the 1960s until the Central European collapseof communism in 1989. With elements of free market economics and animproved human rights record, it represented a quiet deviation fromthe Soviet principles applied to Hungary in the previous decade. The name is asemi-humorous metaphor derived from the popular Hungarian dish. Goulash is madewith an assortment of unlike ingredients, representing how Hungarian communismwas a mixed ideology and no longer strictly adhered to Marxist-Leninistinterpretations as in the past. • immigrationThe international movement of people into a destination country where they do not possess citizenship to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. People also immigrate to take up employment as migrant workers or temporarily as foreign workers. • interahamweA Hutu paramilitary organization that enjoyedthe backing of the Hutu-led government leading up to and during the Rwandangenocide. Since the genocide, they have been driven out of Rwanda, mainly toZaire (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). • International tradeThe exchange of capital, goods, and servicesacross international borders or territories. • joint criminal enterpriseA legal doctrine usedby the ICTY to prosecute political and military leaders for mass war crimes,including genocide, committed during the Yugoslav Wars. • MwamiA chiefly title usually translated as “king." • perestroikaLiterally“restructuring” in Russian, a political movement for reformwithin the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s, widelyassociated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. • perestroikaLiterally “restructuring” in Russian, a political movement for reform within the Communist Party ofthe Soviet Union during the 1980s, widely associated with Soviet leader MikhailGorbachev. • pygmiesA member of an ethnic group whoseaverage height is unusually short. Anthropologists define this as any group where adult men are on average less than 4 feet 11 inches tall. • Schengen AreaAn areacomposed of 26 European states that have officially abolished passport and anyother type of border control at their mutual borders. The area mostly functionsas a single country for international travel purposes with a common visapolicy. • serfsThe status of many peasants within feudal systems, an individual who occupies a plot of landand is required to work for the owner of that land in return for protection andthe right to exploit certain fields on the property to maintain their ownsubsistence. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  15. The Long Decade (1989-2001) • soft powerA concept developed by Joseph Nye of HarvardUniversity to describe the ability to attract and co-opt using means ofpersuasion other than forceful coercion. The currency of soft power is culture,political values, and foreign policies. • South SlavsA subgroup of Slavic peopleswho speak South Slavic languages. They inhabit a contiguous region in theBalkan Peninsula, southern Pannonian Plain, and eastern Alps, and aregeographically separated from the body of West Slavic and East Slavic people bythe Romanians, Hungarians, and Austrians. The South Slavs include the Bosniaks,Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes. • sovereigntyThe full right and power of a governing body togovern itself without interference from outside sources or bodies. Inpolitical theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supremeauthority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominantWestphalian model of state foundation. • sovereigntyThe full right and power of a governing body togovern itself without interference from outside sources or bodies. Inpolitical theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supremeauthority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominantWestphalian model of state foundation. • Split AgreementThe Split Agreement was a mutual defenseagreement between Croatia, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and theFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, signed in Split, Croatia, on July 22,1995. It called on the Croatian Army to intervene militarily in Bosnia andHerzegovina. • supranationalAtype of multinational political union where negotiated power is delegated to anauthority by governments of member states. • supranationalismA type of multinational political union wherenegotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. • supranationalismA type of multinational political union in which negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. • tourismThe act of traveling for pleasure, or the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. • UN Charter article 2(4)“All members shall refrain in theirinternational relations from the threat or use of force against the territorialintegrity or political independence of any state, or in any other mannerinconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.” Although somecommentators interpret Article 2(4) as banning only the use of force directedat the territorial integrity or political independence of a state, the morewidely held opinion is that these are merely intensifiers, and that the articleconstitutes a general prohibition subject only to the exceptions stated in theCharter (i.e., self-defense and Chapter VII action by the Security Council). • Vance-Owen peace planA peace proposal negotiated between the leadersof Bosnia’s warring factions in early January 1993, facilitated by UN SpecialEnvoy Cyrus Vance and European Community representative Lord Owen. The proposalinvolved the division of Bosnia into ten semi-autonomous regions and receivedthe backing of the UN. • Vance-Owen Peace PlanA peaceproposal negotiated with the leaders of Bosnia’s warring factions by UN SpecialEnvoy Cyrus Vance and EC representative Lord Owen. This plan involved thedivision of Bosnia into ten semi-autonomous regions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  16. The Long Decade (1989-2001) • World Wide WebAn informationspace where documents and other web resources are identified by URIs,interlinked by hypertext links, and accessed via the Internet using aweb browser and web-based applications. • xenophobiaThe fear of that perceived as foreign or strange. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  17. The Long Decade (1989-2001) D.F. Malan Daniel François Malan, the first apartheid-era prime minister (1948–1954). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."DFMalanPortret.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DFMalanPortret.jpgView on Boundless.com

  18. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Apartheid-Era Sign Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svg.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svgView on Boundless.com

  20. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Mandela's prison cell on Robben Island The inside of Mandela's prison cell as it was when he was imprisoned in 1964. Mandela's cell later contained more furniture, including a bed from around 1973. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Physiological_needs.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Physiological_needs.jpgView on Boundless.com

  21. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Sniper Alley in Sarajevo Norwegian UN troops on their way up Sniper Alley in Sarajevo, November 1995. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpgView on Boundless.com

  22. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Funeral in Sarajevo, 1992 A family mourns during a funeral at the Lion's cemetery during the Siege of Sarajevo. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-funeral-reaction.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-funeral-reaction.jpgView on Boundless.com

  23. The Long Decade (1989-2001) South Slavic Europe The green area shows countries where a South Slavic language is the national language. The dark gray areas of the map show other Slavic-speaking countries. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."South_Slavic_Europe.svg.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:South_Slavic_Europe.svgView on Boundless.com

  24. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Mwami Palace A reconstruction of the traditional Mwami's palace at Nyanza, Rwanda. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpgView on Boundless.com

  25. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Radovan Karadžić Radovan Karadžić was found guilty of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, and sentenced to 40 years imprisonment on March 24, 2016. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg."CC BY-SA 2.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Euro banknotes (2002) The euro was introduced in 2002, replacing 12 national currencies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Euro_banknotes_2002.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euro_banknotes_2002.pngView on Boundless.com

  27. The Long Decade (1989-2001) The Lisbon Treaty In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty entered into force. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_2808129.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpgView on Boundless.com

  28. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Ratko Mladić General Ratko Mladić during UN-mediated talks at Sarajevo Airport in 1993. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpgView on Boundless.com

  29. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Srebrenica Massacre Victim Skull of a victim of the July 1995 Srebrenica massacre in an exhumed mass grave outside the village of Potocari, Bosnia and Herzegovina, July 2007. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpgView on Boundless.com

  30. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Sniper Alley Norwegian UN troops on their way up Sniper Alley in Sarajevo, November 1995. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Number of nations scoring 8+ on Polity IV scale (1800-2003) Data source: The Polity IV project. (http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm) The y axis is the number of nations scoring 8 or higher on the combined Polity score. Note that the Polity IV project only scores nations with greater than 500,000 total population. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Number_of_nations_1800-2003_scoring_8_or_higher_on_Polity_IV_scale.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Number_of_nations_1800-2003_scoring_8_or_higher_on_Polity_IV_scale.pngView on Boundless.com

  32. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Native National Congress delegation to England, June 1914 Left to right: Thomas Mapike, Rev. Walter Rubusana, Rev. John Dube, Saul Msane, and Sol Plaatjie. The delegation tried to get the British government to intervene against the Land Act, but the outbreak of the First World War thwarted their hopes for intervention. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."ANC1914.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ANC1914.jpgView on Boundless.com

  33. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev in 2010. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Mikhail_Gorbachev_-_May_2010 2.jpg."CC BY 2.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mikhail_Gorbachev_-_May_2010.jpgView on Boundless.com

  34. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Charles De Gaulle French President Charles de Gaulle vetoed British membership, held back the development of Parliament's powers, and was at the centre of the empty-chair crisis of 1965. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:De_Gaulle-OWI.jpgView on Boundless.com

  35. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Yuri Andropov Yuri Andropov as depicted in the August 1983 issue of Soviet Life. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Yuri_Andropov_-_Soviet_Life,_August_1983.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yuri_Andropov_-_Soviet_Life,_August_1983.jpgView on Boundless.com

  36. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Tanks and Helicopters during the Soviet-Afghan War Soviet ground forces in action while conducting an offensive operation against the Islamist resistance. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."SovietafghanwarTanksHelicopters.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SovietafghanwarTanksHelicopters.jpgView on Boundless.com

  37. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Murder at Sharpeville, March 21, 1960 Painting of the Sharpeville massacre, which took place March 21, 1960 in Gauteng province, South Africa. The painting, by Godfrey Rubens, is currently located in the South African Consulate in London. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Murder_at_Sharpeville_21_March_1960.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Murder_at_Sharpeville_21_March_1960.jpgView on Boundless.com

  38. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Nyamata Memorial Site Human skulls at the Nyamata Genocide Memorial. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Nyamata_Memorial_Site_13.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nyamata_Memorial_Site_13.jpgView on Boundless.com

  39. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Volume of world merchandise exports Monthly data sourced from Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, January 2000 to March 2012. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Volume_of_world_merchandise_exports.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volume_of_world_merchandise_exports.pngView on Boundless.com

  40. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Rwandan refugee camp in east Zaire Refugee camp for Rwandans in Kimbumba, eastern Zaire (current Democratic Republic of the Congo), following the Rwandan genocide. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Rwandan_refugee_camp_in_east_Zaire.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rwandan_refugee_camp_in_east_Zaire.jpgView on Boundless.com

  41. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Rwanda's demography over time Rwanda's population (1961-2003). Y-axis : Number of inhabitants in thousands. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Rwanda-demography.png."CC BY-SA 2.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rwanda-demography.pngView on Boundless.com

  42. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Paul Kagame (2014) Paul Kagame was commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front for most of the Civil War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Paul_Kagame_2014.jpg."CC BY-SA 4.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_Kagame_2014.jpgView on Boundless.com

  43. The Long Decade (1989-2001) The Baltic Way, Lithuania, August 23, 1989 The Baltic Way was a human chain of approximately two million people dedicated to liberating the Baltic Republics from the USSR. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpgView on Boundless.com

  44. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Frederik de Klerk with Nelson Mandela Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shake hands at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpg."CC BY-SA 2.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992.jpgView on Boundless.com

  45. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Southern European Task Force (SETAF) Transporting Water The water was made by eight chlorinators and two reverse osmosis machines in Goma for Rwandan refugees located at Camp Kimbumba, Zaire. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."SETAF_HISTORY_0004.JPEG."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SETAF_HISTORY_0004.JPEGView on Boundless.com

  46. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Rwanda Location of Rwanda (dark blue) in the African Union (light blue) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svgView on Boundless.com

  47. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Kigali school chalkboard A school chalkboard in Kigali. Note the names "Dallaire," UNAMIR Force Commander, and "Marchal," UNAMIR Kigali sector commander. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Kigali_school_chalk_board.jpg."CC BY-SA 2.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kigali_school_chalk_board.jpgView on Boundless.com

  48. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Act of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania, March 11, 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania with signatures of the delegates. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.pngView on Boundless.com

  49. The Long Decade (1989-2001) Berlin Wall Map Map of the location of the Berlin Wall, showing checkpoints. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Berlin-wall-map_en.svg.png."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berlin-wall-map_en.svgView on Boundless.com

  50. The Long Decade (1989-2001) The Fall of the Berlin Wall This photo shows part of the Wall at Brandenburg Gate, with Germans standing on top of the Wall days before it was torn down. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Thefalloftheberlinwall1989.JPG."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thefalloftheberlinwall1989.JPGView on Boundless.com

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