Friday

1. Friday Continue Holiday 0-6. SUKKOTH Monday: Hanukkah Purim

2. Midterm • October 6 • Yom Kippur!!! OOOOOPS…..

3. Calendar • Years counted from creation of the world • 5763. Gregorian Calendar: from time of Christ.

4. Gregorian Calendar is “Solar” 12 lunar months 11 days shorter than Solar year 13 lunar months 19 days longer

5. Solution: Alternate 12 month and 13 month years. 19 year cycle, 7 years have 13 months.

6. Extra days • Sometimes extra days are added to some months to keep Sabbath from interfering with Yom Kippur.

7. Result. • Date of festivals are always the same in the Jewish calendar • Date of festivals shifts in the Western calendar • But: each festival is always in the same season.

8. If you though that was odd… • First month is Nissan, in the spring • Seventh month is Tishri in the autumn. • New Year is Tishri 1, 2

9. Tishri • Sept- Oct. • 13 days of festivals • 7 days in which work is forbidden.

10. HIGH HOLY DAYS 10 days • Rosh Hashana  Yom Kippur

11. High Holy DaysDays of Awe • Time of introspection • God’s Books are open. Written on R. HaSh: sealed on Yom Kippur • Individual’s Fate for next year is to be decided.

12. Changing God’s decree • Repentance • Prayer • Charity. • "May you be inscribed and sealed for a good year." typical greeting

13. Rosh Hashanah • “Head of the Year” • Evening of Friday, Sept 26, 2003 • Celebrated over 2 days outside of Israel. • 1 Day in Israel.

14. Day of CreationDay of Judgment • Day of sounding the SHOFAR Sounded 100 times on each day of Rosh Hashanah

15. Shofar Horn from Kosher Animal War Alarm Announced Royalty, and Divinity

16. Shofar sounds • Shevarim • Tekia • Teruah

17. Call to Repentance • Shofar sounded when Abraham tried to sacrifice Isaac: God gives him a ram instead. • Shofar sounded with Israel received Torah • Shofar will sound with Messiah comes.

18. No work on R. HaSh. • If R. HaSh. Falls on Sabbath, Shofar is not blown. • Most of the day spent in Synagogue.

19. Yom Kippur(evening of Oct 5, 2003) Day of Atonement. Celebrated on 1 Day. Ancient Israel: Y. K. day of sacrifices for Israel’s sins. Most Holy Day

20. Atone: reconciliation for offences • Talmud says: Yom Kippur only allows you to atone for offending God. • If you have offended another person, you have to seek reconciliation from them directly, before Yom Kippur.

21. “Complete Sabbath” • No work at all on Yom Kippur • Complete Fast: no eating or drinking • Washing • Luxuries: leather shoes • Sex.

22. Fast • Food Restrictions are NOT binding on • Ill • Elderly • Young • Expectant and new mothers.

23. Synagogue • Orthodox may spend 9 am-3 pm • Return 5 or 6, until nightfall • Special Yom Kippur Siddur used.

24. Kol Nidre “All Vows” • Controversy: • Asking God to annul personal vows made. • Reform removed it from Yom Kippur liturgy • Anti-Semitists used it to claim Jews were dishonest, unfit for public office.

25. Amidah • Yom Kippur Amidah asks for forgiveness for all of Israel’s sins.

26. Ne’ilah: Closing • 1 hour service: ARK is opened (congregation must stand) • Final Shofar blast signifies God’s books are sealed: The Gates of Heaven are closed.

28. Sukkot • 5th day after Yom Kippur • October 11 • Lasts for 7 days. • No work on first 2 days

29. Sukkot • Historical: Israelites wandering in wilderness • Agricultural: Autumn festival.

30. Leviticus 23:42-3 • You shall live in huts seven days; all citizens of Israel shall live in huts, in order that future generations may know that I made the Israelite people live in huts when I brought them out of the Land of Egypt, I the Lord your God.

31. A Sukkah The homes of the wandering Israelites • Must be big enough to live in it. • Eat meals in it • Sleep in it, weather and health permitting

32. Sukkah • 3 walls • Any material • Roof with hole in it • Branches, wood, etc. • Decorated: Harvest theme.

33. Sukkah and Thanksgiving • Similar motifs • Harvest • Gratitude.

34. Leviticus 23:40 On the first day you shall take the fruit of the goodly trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God seven days.

35. “4 Species” 1 Palm branch 2 Willow branches 3 Myrtle branches Etrog: a citrus fruit

36. Lulav and etrog Held and waved during prayers on all 7 days of Sukkot Book of Ecclesiastes read on Sukkot: pleasures are futile.

37. Shemini AzeretSimhat Torah Day after last day of Sukkot In Israel: both on same day Outside Israel, on separate days.

38. Assembly of the 8thRejoicing in the Torah • Shemini Azeret: End of Torah cycle • Simhat Torah: Beginning of Torah cycle • Work is not permitted.

39. Simhat Torah.

42. ChanukahEvening of Dec. 19, 2003 • A “Minor” Festival that has grown to be very popular. • Most important ancient festival NOT mentioned in the Bible. • “Home-based” Festival: family oriented.

43. Historical and seasonal • Victory of Maccabees against oppressors • Traditional winter festival (solstice) • Lights represent lengthening days.

44. Chanukah • Maccabean revolt against Seleucid dynasty • 164 bce • Rededication of Temple.

45. Lamp Oil • Ritually pure • Purification took 8 days • 1 day supply when temple taken, lasts 8 days.

46. Festival of Lights: menorah 8 days 8 + 1 candles 1 to light others. Flames must not merge

48. Miracle of Oil • A Great excuse to eat fried foods! • Latkes: Potato Pancakes. Judaism 101 site has recipe…

49. Tzedekah • Accent on charity

50. Gelt • Gifts of money for kids • Predates Christmas Presents