renewable energy sufficient and affordable

1. renewable energy sufficient and affordable

2. the sun the wind the land the waters En

3. sun passive solar solar hot water solar radiant heating photovoltaics building integrated photovoltaics concentrated photovoltaics concentrated solar (solar thermal electricity)

4. solar is sufficient now: 25% coal 37% oil 23% natural gas 6% nuclear 9% renewable world will need 18 TW total energy in 2015 according to US DOE

5. 18,000,000,000,000 watts translate coal, gas, oil and electrical energy into 18 trillion watts 18 TW

6. during peak sun hours, the sun provides 1 kW of energy per square meter photovoltaic panels are only 20% efficient, so one square meter PV provides about 0.2 kW or 200 watts.

7. regions south of US/Canada Border 3 – 7 hours peak sun daily estimate 4 hours peak sun nonpolar world average

8. world needs 18 TW now to get time into the picture

9. think about deserts

10. nonpolar deserts have a lot more peak sun hours than average land, so we’ll use a desert-like 5 hours of peak sun per day peak sun 5/24 of the time peak sun 21% of the time earth has 20 million sq km of nonpolar deserts which is 20 trillion sq meters

11. instead of getting 20 trillion kW from 20 trillion sq meters of desert sun we will only get20 trillion kW X 20% (PV efficiency) X 21% (peak sun availability) = 0.84 trillion kW = 0.84 trillion (1000 watts) = 840 trillion watts = 840 TW

12. need 18 TW 840 TW from deserts 18/840 = 2% of desert land

13. so solar energy could easily power the world, but is it affordable? “DOE SunShot initiative looks to reduce the total costs of photovoltaic solar energy systems by about 75 percent so that they are cost competitive with other forms of energy without subsidies before 2020.  Chu is targeting $1 per watt, which he said corresponds to roughly 6 cents per kilowatt-hour.”

14. why is $1/watt the “Holy Grail” of solar? “Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman Gregory Jaczko said that permitting new reactors could take four years or more, and that storing the waste is not a pressing concern, but that paying for the new reactors remains a significant concern for most utilities. The best estimate for a new reactor's price tag is about $10 billion, he said. Read more: http://www.azcentral.com/business/articles/2010/02/01/20100201biz-nuclear0202.html#ixzz1D6lHv81I” $10 billion reactor 1000 MW baseload power

15. 1000 MW reactor = 6000 MW solar with 4 hours of peak sun daily 1000 MW x 24 hours = 6000 MW x 4 hours = 24,000 MWh/day 24,000 MWh/day at today’s PV cost, $2/watt, Reactor costs $10 billion 6000 MW PV costs $12 billion at $1/watt, 6000 MW PV costs $6 billion

16. building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

17. concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) “100 suns” • higher efficiencies • lower cost per watt

18. solar thermal electricity metal reflectors focus sun to heat fluid steam turns turbine fluid can be molten salt retaining heat to produce electricity at night http://gigaom.com/cleantech/solar-thermal-jv-to-spend-124b-in-spain/

19. wind wind farms micro-wind off-shore wind

20. Global Wind Resources

21. could wind only power the world? “Archer and Jacobson use worldwide weather stations (more accurate than the above GEOS-1 data, but not covering the oceans) and estimate the worldwide land and near-shore wind resource. Their calculation of total wind resource is 72 TW”http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/windpower/

22. Estimated levelized cost of new generation resources, 2018, DOE

23. Hull, Massachusetts

24. NREL: US could produce nine times our current electrical consumption from onshore wind alone Texas is #1 in wind

25. water waves tides dams moving rivers: hydrokinetic micro-hydro

26. waves the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) says that “global wave power potential has been estimated to be around 1000-10,000GW, which is the same order of magnitude as world electrical energy consumption.” http://www.suite101.com/content/green-power-from-oceans-a178466#ixzz1D7EZGzQs

27. Australia very excited about ocean energy CETO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V27ZBODcv0c

28. http://www.carnegiewave.com/index.php?url=/ceto/what-is-ceto

29. tides then now “Scotland Plans to Use 100 Percent Renewable Energy by 2025” Scottish plan includes world’s largest tidal energy plant La Rance, France tidal barrage generating 250 MW max since 1966 average output 60 MW

30. dams China’s 3-Gorges dam hydropower provides about 1/5 of world electricity according to the World Bank.

31. moving rivers hydrokinetic power Hastings, Minnesota 4.4 MW

32. Vivace http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcR8HszacOE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcyM3c5ylSU&NR=1

33. micro-hydro

34. land Biomass Algae Anaerobic Digesters Geothermal Heat Pumps Geothermal Electricity Advanced Geothermal

35. geothermal electricitycould power the world alone US uses 100 EJ/year of energy from all sources US has 14,000,000 EJ potential from Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) http://www.google.org/egs/

36. geothermal heat pumps Always 55 degrees 10 feet under

37. algae Algae ponds http://www.originoil.com

38. or bioreactors make fuel from CO2 Algae – 5000 gallons / acre http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5391 Corn – 420 gallons / acre

39. So, the entire world could be

40. powered by

41. the sun alone, geothermal energy alone,the wind alone, and probably the oceans alone.

42. But we have them ALLand they can easily power the entire worldtogether.