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Review: Crusades

Review: Crusades. 03.19.2012 24 L/R. Do Now. Who was the strong secular leader who clashed with Pope Gregory VII? Charlemagne b. Otto the Great Henry IV d. Torquemada The Magna Carta limited the king’s right to Conquer Normandy b. behead prisoners Expel Jews d. collect taxes

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Review: Crusades

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  1. Review: Crusades 03.19.2012 24 L/R

  2. Do Now • Who was the strong secular leader who clashed with Pope Gregory VII? • Charlemagne b. Otto the Great • Henry IV d. Torquemada • The Magna Carta limited the king’s right to • Conquer Normandy b. behead prisoners • Expel Jews d. collect taxes • One of the results of the Crusades was • To inspire further exploration of the world • To force Turks to move to Africa • The appearance of new farming techniques • That Christians were tortured by the Spanish Inquisition • What was the Reconquista? • A church court designed to investigate and judge heretics • A movement to drive the Muslims out of Spain • The union of Spain’s largest kingdoms • The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand

  3. 7.6.4 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs (e.g., Charlemagne, Gregory VII, Emperor Henry IV) • Charlemagne is a strong, Christian ruler; helps protect Pope Leo III, crowned emperor • Thinks God crowned him emperor, pope says he crowned him • Only the Pope can crown emperors; makes the Eastern half angry • Pope Gregory VII; declares himself the sole authority • Says he can choose bishops, get rid of emperors • Emperor Henry IV gets angry, starts a feud • Gregory excommunicates Henry, Henry begs for forgiveness • Henry marches to Rome, kicks Gregory out of the papacy • Concordat of Worms = compromise; Pope chooses bishops, but emperor can bribe them

  4. 7.6.6 Students discuss the causes and course of the religious Crusades and their effects on the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish populations in Europe • Muslim Turks take over Jerusalem; Byzantine emperor is worried • Pope Urban II calls for a crusade to defend Christianity • 1st Crusade – successful kicks out Muslims • 2nd Crusade – not good, Muslims feel disrespected and start to fight back • 4th Crusade – instead of going to Holy Land, attack Constantinople (Christians), is a disgrace • Effects: 1. Europeans’ eyes are opened to the world • 2. Europe starts to trade with Muslims/Middle East, get spices/silk • 3. Europe starts to explore the world, great voyages • 4. Jews and Muslims are persecuted • Jews treated horribly, get kicked out of France, England • Inquisition: investigating and judging heretics (people who belief in things the church does not)

  5. 7.6.9 Know the history of the decline of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula that culminated in the Reconquista and the rise of Spanish and Portuguese kingdoms. • Muslims in Spain are called Moors, in Southern Spain • very advanced in literature, art, architecture, medicine, science, trade, etc. • Muslims are tolerant of Jews/Christians in Spain; make them pay extra tax • Pope declares a reconquista, movement to drive the Muslims out of Spain • Cordoba and Granada are the last two Muslim cities • Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand unites Spain; want a Catholic country only • Bring in Torquemada to head the Spanish Inquisition, use torture and terror on Jews and Muslims • Jews/Muslim kicked out in 1492 from Spain/Portugal • Portugal becomes independent • loss of economy and culture in Spain

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