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Groups, Teams, and Their Leadership: Understanding Differences

Explore the differences between organizations and groups, and learn about the concepts of group perspective, group size, stages of group development, roles, norms, communication, and cohesion. Discover the implications of group size and the various task and relationship roles in groups. Understand why group cohesion does not always lead to higher performance and the differences between groups and teams.

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Groups, Teams, and Their Leadership: Understanding Differences

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  1. CHAPTERTEN Groups,Teams, and Their Leadership

  2. Differences Between Organizations and Groups • An organization can be so large that most members do not know most of the other people within it. • Groups are small and immediate enough to impact both feelings and self image. • People tend to be more psychologically invested with groups to which they belong. • Certain psychological needs are better satisfied by groups.

  3. Six Basic Concepts For Understanding Group Perspective • Group size • Stages of group development • Roles • Norms • Communication • Cohesion

  4. Implications Of Group Size • Leader emergence is partially a function of group size. • As groups become larger, cliques are more likely to form, and many intergroup conflicts are the result of cliques. • Group size can affect a leader’s behavioral style. • Group size affects group effectiveness.

  5. Developmental Stages Of Groups Forming Storming Norming Performing

  6. Task Roles In Groups • Initiating: defining the problem, suggesting activities, assigning tasks. • Information seeking: asking questions, seeking relevant data or views. • Information sharing: providing data, offering opinions.

  7. Task Roles In Groups, continued • Summarizing: reviewing and integrating others’ points, checking for common understanding and readiness for action. • Evaluating: assessing validity of assumptions, quality of information, reasonableness of recommendations. • Guiding: keeping group on track.

  8. Relationship Roles In Groups • Harmonizing: resolving interpersonal conflicts, reducing tension. • Encouraging: supporting and praising others, showing appreciation for other's contributions, being warm and friendly. • Gatekeeping: assuring even participation by all group members, making sure that everyone has a chance to be heard and that no individual dominates.

  9. Why Group Cohesion Does Not Always Lead To Higher Performance • A highly cohesive but unskilled team is still an unskilled team. • A cohesive group may develop goals that are contrary to the larger organization’s goals. • Overbounding: groups can become so cohesive that they erect fences and boundaries between themselves and others.

  10. Why Group Cohesion Does Not Always Lead To Higher Performance, continued • Group think: highly cohesive groups often become more concerned with unanimity than in objective appraisals. • Ollieism: overzealous group members may perform illegal actions because they believe it will please their leaders.

  11. Differences Between Groups and Teams • Team members usually have a stronger sense of identification among themselves than group members do. • Teams have common goals or tasks. • Task interdependence typically is greater with teams than with groups.

  12. Organizational Shells TASK Environment Environment Industry Organization NORMS Group formation BOUNDARY Team at work AUTHORITY

  13. Feedback on team effectiveness Self-efficacy Feedback Development Individual Inputs Team Design Organizational Inputs 0-1 Reward Systems 0-2 Education Systems 0-3 Information Systems I-1 Interests/Motivation I-2 Skills/Abilities I-3 Values/Attitudes T-1 Task T-2 Composition T-3 Norms T-4 Authority 0-4 Control System I-4 Interpersonal Behavior Ginnett’s Team Effectiveness Leadership Model Team Leadership Design Environment Industry Feedback Feedback Dream Feedback Process Criteria Team Effectiveness Outcome acceptable to stakeholders Future capability of team Individual satisfaction P-1 Effort P-2 Knowledge & Skills P-3 Strategy P-4 Group Dynamics Feedback Material Resources

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