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Natural Product Chemistry PSE 406

Natural Product Chemistry PSE 406. Autumn Quarter 2009. Agenda. Introductions Course syllabus Web site http://faculty.washington.edu/renatab/courses/PSE406/ Expectations Rice Krispies Treats Bioenergy. B.Sc.,1997, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada, Chemistry

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Natural Product Chemistry PSE 406

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  1. Natural Product ChemistryPSE 406 Autumn Quarter 2009 PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  2. Agenda • Introductions • Course syllabus • Web site http://faculty.washington.edu/renatab/courses/PSE406/ • Expectations • Rice Krispies Treats • Bioenergy PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  3. B.Sc.,1997, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada, Chemistry M.A.Sc., 2000, University of Toronto, Chemical Engineering and Applied Science and Environmental Engineering Ph.D., 2004, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Forestry Post Doc., 2006, UBC, Vancouver, Canada 2006, joined UW-Assistant Professor in Natural Products Chemistry Your Instructor: Renata Bura PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  4. Renata’s Journey Vancouver Toronto Seattle PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  5. Course Information • Syllabus • Meet M/W/F 1:30-2:20pm • Office hours (….)? • Mark breakdown • Midterm 1 20% • Midterm 2 20% • Final exam 30% • Quizzes 25% • Class participation 5% • Lecture notes, practice and homework assignments-web • Reading assignments: library-Wood Chemistry, Fundamentals and Applications by E. Sjöström and web PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  6. What can you expect from me? • Starting and finishing lectures on time • Responding to your e-mails (up to 2 days) • Being in my office during office hours • Teaching the best to my ability • There are no “stupid questions” PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  7. Rules in the classroom • Cellphones • Laptops • “Daily” readers • Academic misbehavior • Rules of discussion PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  8. How is Wood like a Kellogs™ Rice Krispies Treat? • Your warped instructor needed some sort of an analogy to assist people in understanding wood. • This is it. Image borrowed from Kellogs™ web site for academic purposes PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  9. Rice Krispies Alone • At my home, a box of Rice Krispies consists of 2 things: Rice Krispies and Rice Krispies dust. • You can pour this mixture into a bowl but you cannot stand it up or make a bar. Image borrowed from Kellogs™ web site for academic purposes PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  10. You also need something to preserve the bars….A variety of preservatives can be used. In order to make a solid bar, you need something to glue together the Rice Krispies and the Rice Krispies dust. Marshmallow cooked over an open flame works great. Formation of the Bar PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  11. Rice Krispies Treats The butter and the marshmallows are heated together forming a sticky glue type material. This is applied to the Rice Krispies and dust forming a bar which is solid when cooled. PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  12. What is Cellulose? • Cellulose is a large molecule made from glucose molecules (dextrose) strung together like beads on a string. • The glucose molecules are known as monomers and the cellulose chain is known as a polymer. • 1 glucose molecule= monomer • 2 linked glucose molecules= dimer • 3 linked glucose molecules= trimer • lots of linked glucose molecules = polymer PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  13. What is Cellulose? • Cellulose is straight chain polymer. In bead terms, imagine a very very long straight string of beads with 2 ends and no branching points. • In wood, cellulose chains contain typically 10,000 glucose molecules…quite a long sting of beads. Source: World Book Encycopedia PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  14. What are Hemicelluloses? • Hemicelluloses are also sugar polymers but different from cellulose because they are: • Made up glucose and other sugars. • Contain some molecules other than sugars. • Branched little polymers • Much smaller than cellulose as they are made up of between 50-300 sugars (Rice Krispies Dust) • There are lots of varieties of hemicelluloses. PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  15. Lignin is a polymer like cellulose and hemicelluloses but is made with phenolic compounds (aromatic rings) instead of sugars. Lignins are large 3 dimensional polymers that form the glue that holds the cellulose and hemicelluloses together. Lignin has been described as 3 dimensional chicken wire. What is Lignin? Picture taken from Katy’s chicken page. PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  16. What are Extractives? • In the Rice Krispies model, extractives compounds were represented by preservatives added to the treats. This is a very good representation of the role of a good portion of the extractives in trees. • The term extractives refers to a large variety of different chemicals produced by the tree for a variety of reasons (protection, food storage, formation of membranes, color, etc.). • Examples: what sticks to your hand when you pick up your Christmas tree, what comes out of your tea bag with hot water. PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  17. Putting all of the components together and you get wood. The cellulose and the hemicelluloses held together with lignin. Taking the lignin away through chemical processes (pulping and bleaching) leaves these fibers of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Putting it All Together Picture from Focus Forest Products Web Site PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  18. Bioenergy, biochemical? PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  19. What is Bioconversion? • General: a process which uses biological agents (microorganisms or protein) to transform a feedstock into desirable products. Bioethanol • A chemical/biochemical process by which lignocellulosic materials are converted to ethanol and other co-products. PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  20. Bioconversion Process Pretreatment Hydrolysis Biomass Ethanol Fermentation Distillation PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  21. Why Bioethanol? PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  22. Why Bioconversion? • Energy • An alternative source of energy for the transportation sector produced locally • Air pollution • Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions • Waste elimination • Elimination of problems with field burning/incineration, stockpiling, etc. • Socio/economical benefits • Creation of new jobs, rural development PSE 406 - Lecture 1

  23. Summary • Your instructor likes to be referred as Dr. Bura (T/F) • I will mark the practice assignments (T/F) • Final exam-40% of your marks (T/F) • Cellulose is composed of glucose and other sugars (T/F) • Hemicelluloses is made with phenolic compounds (aromatic rings) (T/F) • During bioconversion of biomass to ethanol we have: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation (T/F) PSE 406 - Lecture 1

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