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Understanding Antineoplastic Agents and Chemotherapy for Cancer Treatment

Learn about the various types of antineoplastic drugs used in chemotherapy for treating cancer, how they work, potential side effects, tumor grading, and cancer staging. Understand the impact of chemotherapy on different body systems and the precautions to be taken during treatment.

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Understanding Antineoplastic Agents and Chemotherapy for Cancer Treatment

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  1. —they interfere with cancer reproduction. Cancer cells grow quickly and more vulnerable to chemo drugs but also kill Some healthy cells with severe side effects. Antineoplastic drugs=chemotherapy cancer—100 different types with uncontrolled cell division and no useful function. They get massive blood supply. Metastasis= spread. Benign=encapsulated tumor, stay under skin Malignant=spread by lymphoma and blood and ulcerate skin. Will likely be category C D or X for pregnancy Tumor grade=shape compared to parent cell Grade 0=normal 1= like parent tissue 2= moderate 3=extensive change 4=anaplastic/no similarity Stage0= in situ stage1=minor invasion Stage2&3=local spread stage4=widespread metastasis

  2. Antineoplastic agents • Look at type,size,site,grade then determine what drug. • Allopathic tx of cancer=cut, chemo, or nuke it out • Types of cancer drugs— • 1--Antimetabolites--interfere with DNA synthesis=death. Drugs--methotrexate, 5 flourouracil , purinethol • 2--Alkyating agents---attacks metaphase. Very toxic • Drugs—nitrogen mustard(mustard gas), chlorambucil • 3--Plant alkaloids(periwinkle) —attacks metaphase. • Drugs—vinblastine

  3. Antineoplastic agents • 4--Hormone/hormone antagonist—least toxic • Estrogen for prostate, androgen for breast • Antiandrogen tamoxifen • 5--Antitumor antibiotic—bind to DNA, parenteral • 6--Immunosuppresant—interferon with variety of effects • 7--Radioisotopes—pellets or solutions

  4. Cancer drug side effects • Bone marrow • Intestines • Alopecia • Why these side effects???---these cells replicate quickly—like cancer cells. • Fetus • Sterility • Headache • Extremity numbness • Seizures • Naseau • Avoid sick people

  5. considerations • Follow USP 797 • USP 800 • No spray into air • If pregnancy stay away from chemo patients or isotopes patients • Liver and kidney testing frequent • Best chemo dosage with---nomogram • Yellow sharps container is for USP classified hazardous material

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