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Bronchodilating Drugs

Bronchodilating Drugs. Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS Professor of Nursing. How Do These Drugs Work?. Relieve Bronchoconstriction. Types of Bronchodilators. Adrenergics Anticholinergic Anti-inflammatory Leukotriene Inhibitor Mast Cell Stabilizer. Adrenergics Albuterol (Proventil).

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Bronchodilating Drugs

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  1. Bronchodilating Drugs Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS Professor of Nursing

  2. How Do These Drugs Work? • Relieve Bronchoconstriction

  3. Types of Bronchodilators • Adrenergics • Anticholinergic • Anti-inflammatory • Leukotriene Inhibitor • Mast Cell Stabilizer

  4. AdrenergicsAlbuterol (Proventil) • Stimulate Beta 2 Receptors in the bronchi and bronchioles

  5. AnticholinergicIpratropium bromide (Atrovent) • Block the Action of Acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle

  6. Anti-inflammatoryBeclomethasone (Vanceril) • Suppress inflammation in the airways

  7. Leukotriene InhibitorsZafirlukast (Accolate) • Decrease mucus secretion and mucus production

  8. Mast Cell StabilizerCromolyn (Intal) • Prevents the release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammatory substances

  9. XanthinesTheophylline (Theo-Dur) • Multi-Action: Not used often

  10. Patient Teaching • Chronic Illness • Inhaled bronchodilators work fast, others work slow! • Take bronchodilators FIRST!

  11. Nursing Actions • Respiratory Rate and Character • Respiratory Improvement or Distress • Therapeutic Levels of Theophylline • Adverse Effects

  12. Antihistamines Lecture by Pat Woodbery ARNP, CS

  13. Antihistamines Antagonize the Action of Histamine • Histamine found in tissues exposed to environment(eyes, nose, lungs, GI) • Histamine mainly found in Mast Cell • Histamine found in Basophils (RBC)

  14. Histamine Causes: Stimulation of H1 Receptors • Contraction of smooth muscle= Wheeze • Stimulation of Vagus = Cough • Permeability veins = Edema • Vasodilation = Flushing • secretions = Mucous • Stimulation of nerve endings = Pruritus

  15. Histamine Causes: Stimulation of H2 Receptors • Gastric Acid and Pepsin = Abdominal Pain • Rate & Force of Myocardial Contraction = Tachycardia • Vasodilation = Hypotension, Flushing, HA

  16. Allergic Rhinitis Allergic Bronchitis Allergic Conjunctivitis Allergic Dermatitis Anaphylaxis When Histamine is Stimulated How Does the Client Look?

  17. Prototype Drugs Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)

  18. Nursing Assessment • Why is the client getting this drug? • Is there any reason the client should not get an Antihistamine? • Pregnancy, glaucoma, ulcer, medication interaction, allergy??? • Drowsiness ? • Dry secretions ? ( Think of Asthma) • Alcohol ?

  19. Special Considerations • Prevention of Allergic Reaction is the Best Care • Paradoxical Excitement May Occur • Use in Elder May Cause Confusion • Consider Side Effects: Dryness, Drowsiness

  20. The END

  21. Nasal Decongestant, Antitussive, Expectorant, MucolyticLecture by Pat Woodbery,MSN ARNP, CS

  22. Drugs for Respiratory DisordersAdrenergic Agents • Sympathomimetic Drugs • Relieve Nasal Obstruction by constricting arterioles and blood flow • Treatment of rhinitis

  23. Prototype DrugsNasal Decongestants • Pseudoephridine (Sudafed)

  24. Antitussive Drugs • Suppress the cough center in the Medulla • Suppress the cough receptors in the throat, lungs • Narcotic, nonnarcotic • Local anesthetics • Lozengers

  25. Prototype DrugsAntitussive • Codeine • Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM)

  26. Expectorants • Prototype Drug: Guaifenesin (Robitussin) • Liquefy Respiratory Secretions

  27. Mucolytic Drugs • Prototype Drug: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) • Inhalant • Liquefy mucous • Effective within 1 minute peaks in 5-10 minutes • Used for Tylenol overdose... given orally

  28. Nursing Interventions • Relieve Symptoms…NOT a cure • Nose drops for no more then 7 days • Read the labels carefully • Note if syrups……remember sugar! • Report palpitations, dizziness, drowsiness

  29. Summary • Side effects: tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension (adrenergic effects) • Rebound nasal congestion • Many drugs alter the effects of OTC cold remedies……BE CAREFUL…..HTN, Arrhythmias!

  30. THE END

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