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Chapter 22

Chapter 22. Organic Chemistry Alkanes – all single bonded carbons Alkenes – at least one double bond Alkynes – at least one triple bond Isomers – same number of carbons but different arrangement (structure). Naming Based on longest chain of carbons. 6 C – Hex 7C – Hept 8 C – Oct

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Chapter 22

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  1. Chapter 22 • Organic Chemistry • Alkanes – all single bonded carbons • Alkenes – at least one double bond • Alkynes – at least one triple bond • Isomers – same number of carbons but different arrangement (structure)

  2. Naming • Based on longest chain of carbons 6 C – Hex 7C – Hept 8 C – Oct 9 C – Non 10 C - Dec 1 C – Meth 2 C – Eth 3 C – Prop 4 C – But 5 C - Pent

  3. Alkanes end with ane • Alkenes end with ene • Alkynes end with yne • Ex. CH3-CH2-CH3 Propane • Ex. On Board

  4. Functional Groups – special attatchements and modifications to the basic carbon chemical • More than one functional group can exist on a single chemical

  5. Alcohols have an OH • Carboxylic acids have an OOH • Ethers have at O trapped between carbons • Esters have a trapped O and a double bonded oxygen see pg 1058

  6. Aldehydes have a double bonded O at the end of the chain • Keytones have a double bonded O in the middle of the chain • Amines have an NH2 at the end of the chain • Halohydrocarbons have a halogen

  7. Naming • We give the number of the carbon that the functional group is located at, or the first carbon

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