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Introduction to Health Care

Introduction to Health Care. Lecture #1 NUR101 Fall 2008 K. Burger, MSEd, MSN, RN, CNE. Introduction to Health Care. Concepts of Nursing The Nursing role Nursing described Theoretical Frameworks Nursing theorists – common themes Stress and Adaptation Nursing Process.

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Introduction to Health Care

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  1. Introduction to Health Care Lecture #1 NUR101 Fall 2008 K. Burger, MSEd, MSN, RN, CNE

  2. Introduction to Health Care • Concepts of Nursing The Nursing role Nursing described • Theoretical Frameworks Nursing theorists – common themes Stress and Adaptation Nursing Process

  3. NursingAn ART and SCIENCE • Caring: nursing is caring for and about people • Individualized: nursing is adapting to each persons needs • Holistic: nursing views the ENTIRE person including physical, spiritual, social, psychological and economic needs

  4. NursingAn ART and SCIENCE • Interpersonal: nursing involves individuals, families, groups - each interrelated • Reasoning: nursing is a science that requires critical thinking • Comprehensive: nursing involves health promotion, disease prevention, health restoration and care of the dying

  5. Concepts of NursingNursing Defined • ANA (American Nurses Association) 2003 Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations

  6. Concepts of NursingNursing Leaders • Florence Nightingale- 1800’s …manipulation of the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery… • Virginia Henderson- 1960’s…. nursing practice as independent from the practice of medicine…viewed the patient as an individual needing help toward independence.

  7. The Nursing Role • Caregiver • Communicator • Teacher/Educator • Leader/Manager • Researcher • Advocate

  8. The Nursing Role • Involves many facets of the health-care delivery system: • preventive care • primary care • secondary care • tertiary care • restorative care • continuing care

  9. Nursing is a PROFESSION

  10. Standards of Professional Performance • Defined for the health profession by the: Pew Health Professions Commission 21 Competencies for the Twenty-first Century with emphasis on ethical responsibilities, evidence-based clinical competencies, primary and preventative care, community health advocacy, and continuing education.

  11. Standards of Professional Performance • Defined for the registered nurse by the American Nurses Association (ANA) in the areas of:Quality of practice EducationProfessional practice evaluationCollegialityCollaborationEthicsResearchResource utilizationLeadership

  12. Standards for Professional Performance • Defined by the SCCC School of Nursing in its 17 Program Objectives and Progression of Core Components (see student handbook) • Professional Behaviors • Communication • Assessment • Clinical Decision Making • Caring Interventions • Teaching and Learning • Collaboration • Managing Care

  13. Nursing Theory • Theory helps provide knowledge to improve practice • Theoretical knowledge provides nurses with increased power • Theory provides autonomy • Theory helps develop critical thinking

  14. Common Nursing Theory Elements • Human beings benefit from nursing care • Human beings have inner capacity to improve health • Understanding human beings will improve and facilitate nursing care • People interact with each other • Health is more then biological needs • Improved health is goal of society • Health has a positive value

  15. Interdisciplinary Theories • Maslow: hierarchy of basic human needs • Erikson: psychosocial development • Piaget: cognitive development • Systems theory • Health and Wellness theory • Stress and Adaptation theory

  16. Nursing Process

  17. Health and Wellness • Traditionally health and illness were viewed as two separate entities • WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” • Currently viewed as: Health-Illness Continuum

  18. Measures a person’s perception of health Constantly changing state High level wellness at one end, normal health in the center and illness-death at the opposite end Health - Illness Continuum

  19. Stress and Adaptation • Stressors = disruptive forces • Adaptations = reactions to stress and stressors • Nursing acts to develop interventions to reduce or prevent stressors

  20. Caring in Nursing Practice • Caring is a “universal phenomenon” • Caring is “at the heart of a nurse’s ability” to deliver respectful, therapeutic care. • Caring behaviors include:-providing presence-using touch appropriately-listening attentively-knowing the client

  21. Critical Thinking Exercise Lindsey is a senior nursing student assigned to care for Mrs. Lowe, a 62-year-old client being treated for lymphoma (cancer of the lymph nodes). Mrs. Lowe is to receive an injection for her pain. In what way can Lindsay show caring in the way she administers the injection to Mrs. Lowe?

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