Explorations of the Brain & Cognition (CSP 12)

Explorations of the Brain & Cognition (CSP 12) Jeopardy (fall 2004)

Question #1 • After birth brain cells are not replaced, except in this area. • What is the hippocampus?

Question #2 • As one gets higher up into the nervous system the functions of layers or nuclei get increasing specialized. • What is hierarchical organization?

Question #3 • The main ion (charged particle) involved in forming a resting membrane potential of a nerve cell is? • What is potassium?

Question #4 • The main role of action potentials is: • What is to send information over • long distances?

Question #5 • A-, one of the main ions involved in creating potential difference (resting potential) across the cell’s membrane is equally distributed outside and inside the cell. True or False • False. They are concentrated within the • cell.

Question #6 • The frequency of action potentials in an axon gives what kind of information to the organism? • What is the strength or intensity of the • stimulus.

Question #7 • Usually, inhibitory synapses totally stop any electrical signals. True or false • False. Inhibitory synapses release • neurotransmitters that decrease the • chances that the postsynaptic cell • will make an action potential.

Question #8 • The main ion that is involved in release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve terminal. • What is calcium, Ca+2?

Question #9 • Myasthenia gravis is a disease which causes muscle weakness. What molecules cause problems in this disorder? • What are loss of acetylcholine receptors?

Question #10 • Name 5 different areas of visual processing AFTER V2 and their functions. • What is V3, which processes shapes? • What is V4, which processes color? • What is V5, which processes motion?

Question #10 (continued) • What is the middle temporal lobe, which processes ‘what’ information? • What is the middle parietal lobe, which processes ‘where’ information? • What is under the temporal lobe, which processes information about faces?

Question #11 • “The visual system is not designed to make absolute judgments, but. . .” • What is to make comparisons?

Question #12 • Give examples that support this statement: “The remarkable segregation of functions is reflected in some of the pathologies afflicting the visual cortex.”

Question #12 (continued) • Lesions in V4 lead to achromatopsia. • Lesions in V5 produce akinetopsia. • Lesions in V1 can produce blindsight.

Question #13 • The following quote refers to which person in Sacks’ book: “The world he would wish to make or in which he would wish to wander, the strange flora and fauna of his own secret planet.” • Who is Franco Magnani?

Question #14 • Two different individuals who we read about who could form procedural memories, but not other long term memories were? • Who are H.M. and Greg?

Question #15 • What is the meaning of the word ‘quotidian’ in the sentence: “. . .Pontito is the background of all his thoughts, from the most personal, quotidian recollections to allegorical visions of Pontito . . .” • What is occurring daily?

Question #16 • Why did Oliver Sacks entitle the chapter about Greg, “The Last Hippie”? • What is he was stuck in the “hippie era” • because after that he could not form • any new long term memories?

Question #17 • The role of the hippocampus is: • What is to turn short-term into • long-term memories?

Question #18 • When Goldman-Rakic and Williams injected dopamine into this area of the cortex, what happened? • What is the prefrontal cortex AND • short-term memory was impaired • (“neural activity during • delayed-choice tasks was blocked”)?

Question #19 • Learning involves these 4 different steps: • What is acquisition? • What is consolidation? • What is storage? • What is retrieval?

Question #20 • Name 2 different areas in the prefrontal cortex which process specific and different types of working memory. • What is spatial working memory? • What is object working memory?

Question #21 • Name 4 different functions and/or conditions that we have studied that may involve dopamine. • What is Parkinson’s disease? • What is schizophrenia? • What is working memory? • What is Tourette’s syndrome?

Question #22 • Phrenologists practice the art of: • What is determining personality by • examining bumps and depressions on • the skull?

Question #23 • CT scans measure electron energy. True or false • False. CT scans use x-rays to • produce visual images on x-ray film.

Question #24 • When one reads a word out loud the following areas of the brain are involved: • What is visual cortex, Wernicke’s area, • Broca’s area, frontal cortex? • (the angular gyrus is also involved)

Last Question • What is the critical period? • What is the window of developmental • time when specific events must occur • or the nervous system cannot recover • this specific function after that.

Really! The last slide. • Have a great fall break!

Explorations of the Brain & Cognition (CSP 12)