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Anaemia

Anaemia . Sophie Taylor Robyn Phillips . Definition. A state in which Blood Haemoglobin is below normal ranges for an individual’s age and sex Males – 130g/L Females – 115g/L. Signs and Symptoms. Pale conjunctivae & mucus membranes Fatigue Dyspnoea Headaches Dizzy spells

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Anaemia

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  1. Anaemia Sophie Taylor Robyn Phillips

  2. Definition • A state in which Blood Haemoglobin is below normal ranges for an individual’s age and sex • Males – 130g/L • Females – 115g/L

  3. Signs and Symptoms • Pale conjunctivae & mucus membranes • Fatigue • Dyspnoea • Headaches • Dizzy spells • Tachycardia & Palpitations • Parasthesia – extremities • Tinnitus

  4. Aetiology • Physiological • Menstruation • Pregnancy • Pathological • Haemorrhage Haemophilia, Anticoagulant drugs (warfarin, heparin) Connective tissue disorders (Ehlers Danlos, Marfans) Steriod use/Cushings disease • Decreased Production of Erythrocytes • Increased Destruction of Erythrocytes Sickle cell anaemia Autoimmune reaction • Sequestration of Erythrocytes in the spleen

  5. Haemorrhage • Disorder of thrombocytes and haemostasis • Aetiology • Menstrual Loss • Gut (Peptic Ulcers) • Urine (Haematuria) • Vessel Damage (Open Wound, Bruise, Haematoma, Internal bleeding)

  6. Decreased production of erythrocytes • Deficiency in Essential Requirements • Anaemia of Chronic Disease

  7. Decreased production of erythrocytes 1. Deficiency in Essential Requirements • Iron Deficiency • Most common type of Anaemia World-Wide • 60-70% of iron is stored in blood (rest in liver and bone marrow) • Iron from red meat and green vegetables. • Absorption is facilitated by vitamin C • AdditionalΣ- angular stomatitis, brittle fingernails, smooth tongue • B12 Deficiency • Required in DNA synthesis & hence important co-factors in blood cell production (slower division=more growth time=megoblastic) • B12 from animal products (there is a 3 year store in the liver) • AdditionalΣ– Neurological Σ & Enlarged erythrocytes • FolateDeficiency • Required in DNA synthesis & hence important co-factors in blood cell production (slower division=more growth time=megoblastic) • Found in vegetables but is heat sensitive so must be raw.

  8. Decreased production of erythrocytes 2. Anaemia of Chronic Disease • Occurring a few weeks after the onset of Chronic Disease • Neoplastic diseases • Renal disease/failure • Haemorrhaging • HIV (drugs for treatment of HIV cause anaemia) • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Can occur due to the drugs used for certain diseases rather than the condition itself.

  9. Anaemia and osteopathy • Treatment Considerations • Fatigue post treatment • Poor tissue health/repair • Mskvs Systemic causes of symptoms • Increase thoracic compliance for improved ventilation • Referral ? • Nutrition • Iron intake – red meat, green vegetables, beans, nuts • B12 – meat, eggs, dairy products • Folate – green vegetables (raw)

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