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CARDIO #9. Look at page 261. What do role might this small church plays in its rural community? . Satellite View of Europe.
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CARDIO #9 Look at page 261. What do role might this small church plays in its rural community?
Europeans have played an important part in shaping world culture. Europe’s first civilizations grew up near the Mediterranean Sea. Many kingdoms and empires followed. Later, explorers and settlers carried European languages and culture around the globe. Today, people speak European languages in many parts of the world. Europeans no longer rule world empires. However, many modern ideas about rights and government grew from European experiences.
Europe and Russia • Physical Geography: Location Europe is a small continent, but many people live there. Europe is north of Africa. It is separated from Africa by the Mediterranean Sea. Europe stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Asia in the east. The northern shores of Europe touch the Arctic Ocean. • Northern, Western and Eastern Hemisphere
Boundaries • Atlantic Ocean on the West • Mediterranean Sea to the South • Arctic Ocean to the North • Ural Mountains to the East (separates Russia West and east) • Population: (1996) 806 million (including European Russia)
Main Idea Check • Who is on the west of Europe? • Atlantic Ocean on the West • Who is on the south of Europe? • Mediterranean Sea to the South • Who is on the north of Europe? • Arctic Ocean to the North • Who is on the east of Europe? • Ural Mountains to the East
Unit 4: Europe and Russia • Section 1: Physical Features • Europe has four major land regions • The Northwestern Highlands cover the northern parts of France, Great Britain, and Scandinavia. The climate is severe and the soil is too thin for farming; few people live here.
Unit 14: Europe and Russia • 2. The North European Plainextends from southern England and France to the Ural Mountains in Russia. Here there is rich soil and good farmland; the population is dense.
3. The Central Uplands stretch across the center of southern Europe. • This region has The Alpine Mountain System is a series of mountain ranges that cross Europe from Spain to the Balkans and extend to Georgia. This area has many small farms and is a popular tourist destination.
4. the West Siberian Plain and the East Siberian Uplands.It is located beyond the Ural Mountains in Russia. This is a cold, harsh area with a scattered population.
Peninsulas in Europe: Northern Scandinavian Peninsula Jutland Peninsula
Peninsulas in Europe: Southern CrimeanPeninsula Italian Peninsula Iberian Peninsula AnatoleanPeninsula Balkan Peninsula
Islands in Europe Many islands and island groups also belong to Europe. Iceland, Ireland, Malta, and the United Kingdom are all island nations. Iceland Ireland United Kingdom Malta
Main Idea Check • What are the island in Europe? • Iceland • Ireland • Malta • United Kingdom
Bodies of Water ArcticOcean AtlanticOcean North Sea Baltic Sea English Channel CaspianSea Bay ofBiscay BlackSea DardanellesStrait Adriatic Sea AegeanSea TyrrhenianSea Strait ofGibraltar Mediterranean Sea
Important rivers of Europe and Russia • The Rhine Riverbegins in the Alps and stretches to the North Sea. The Rhine’s tributaries, smaller rivers and streams that connect to the main river, form a network of transportation corridors throughout Europe. • 2. The Volga: the longest river in Europe, flows through western Russia to the Caspian Sea. The Volga and other rivers of Russia freeze during the Winter and are not navigable, that is, ships cannot travel on them. • 3. The Danube begins in the mountains of Germany and flows through eight countries It is the second longest river in Europe and is navigable year-round.
The Danube River 1770 miles
The Danube River Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube • Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine.
The Volga River • The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.
The Volga River • The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.
Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube
Main Idea Check • What are the main rivers in Europe? • Rhine • Danube • Volga • 2. Which river is the longest? • Volga
Capitals on the Rivers (2) Moscow on the Moscow River Berlin on the Spree Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube
Mountains in Europe Mountains rise in northern and southern Europe. A large plain covers the middle. The plain is called the Great European Plain. It runs from France in the southwest to Russia’s Ural Mountains in the northeast. The plain includes southeastern England.
The Alps Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.
Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” 1500 miles • Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia.
Main Idea Check • What are the main Mountains in Europe? • Alps mountains • Ural mountains
Section 2: Humans and the Physical Environment Climate Regions The climate varies from one part of Europe to another. Far northern Europe is always cold. Most other parts of northern and central Europe have warm summers. Winters in these parts are cool or cold. Warm ocean winds keep the climate milder in western Europe than in eastern Europe. Southern Europe has a different climate. Most countries along the Mediterranean Sea have hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. This type of weather is known as a Mediterranean climate. The conditions are good for growing grapes, olives, and citrus fruit.
Cl imate
Europe’s Animals Long ago, Europe had more wild areas where animals could live. But over time, people cut down forests, and many areas have become polluted. Overhunting and overfishing have also threatened Europe’s animals. Europeans have set up wildlifepreserves and conservation programs to protect the continent’s animals.
Section 3: Geographic Features and Natural Resources Europe and Russia have a wide variety of natural resources. Fossil fuelswere formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are called non-renewable resources because when they are used up, they are gone forever.
Other resources oil and gas (North Sea east of England and in Siberia) Coalis mined in Great Britain, Germany, Eastern Europe, the Ukraine, and Russia. Other European resources include copper and lead. water In Western Europe. It is used for washing and drinking, irrigating crops, and transporting goods, and as an energy source. The force of water from a waterfall or dam can spin machines called turbines.
5. The soil of the Northern European Plain is an important resource.
Geographic Problems
Classroom Discussion Questions • What are three important nonrenewable resources? • What energy resources are found in Russia but not in Europe?
CLASS WORK • Draw a political map of Europe (page 592) and Label: • Countries • Capitals • Oceans • Seas
Home Learning • Study the countries and capitals • Albania Tirana • Andorra Andorra la Vella • ArmeniaYerevan • AustriaVienna • AzerbaijanBaku • Belarus Minsk • Belgium Brussels • Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo • BulgariaSofia • Croatia Zagreb
