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IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee Overview

IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee Overview. Topics. 802.15.4 ZigBee Competing Technologies Products Some Motorola Projects. Slide 2. Joe Dvorak, Motorola. 9/27/05. IEEE 802.15.4 Applications Space. Home Networking Automotive Networks Industrial Networks Interactive Toys Remote Metering.

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IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee Overview

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  1. IEEE 802.15.4and Zigbee Overview

  2. Topics • 802.15.4 • ZigBee • Competing Technologies • Products • Some Motorola Projects Slide 2 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  3. IEEE 802.15.4 Applications Space • Home Networking • Automotive Networks • Industrial Networks • Interactive Toys • Remote Metering 9/27/05 Slide 3 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  4. Some needs in the sensor networks Thousands of sensors in a small space  Wireless but sensors are frequently stand alone Low Power and sensors are frequently isolatedModerate Range. Some of the challenges facing the standards committee Slide 4 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  5. Data rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s and 20 kb/s. • Star or Peer-to-Peer operation. • Support for low latency devices. • Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability. • Low power consumption. • Frequency Bands of Operation • 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM* band • 10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band • 1 channel in the European 868MHz band. 802.15.4 General Characteristics * ISM: Industrial, Scientific, Medical Slide 5 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  6. 802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture Applications ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 MAC • Packet generation • Packet reception • Data transparency • Power Management IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz 2400 MHz PHY PHY Slide 6 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  7. IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Operating Frequency Bands Channel 0 Channels 1-10 2 MHz 868MHz / 915MHz PHY 868.3 MHz 902 MHz 928 MHz 2.4 GHz PHY Channels 11-26 5 MHz 2.4 GHz 2.4835 GHz Slide 7 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  8. IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Packet Structure • PHY Packet Fields • Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization • Start of Packet Delimiter (8 bits) • PHY Header (8 bits) – PSDU length • PSDU (0 to 1016 bits) – Data field Start of Packet Delimiter PHY Header PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU) Preamble 6 Octets 0-127 Octets 9/27/05 Slide 8 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  9. 802.15.4 Architecture Applications ZigBee • Channel acquisition • Contention mgt • NIC address • Error Correction IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz 2400 MHz PHY PHY 9/27/05 Slide 9 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  10. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Design Drivers • Extremely low cost • Ease of implementation • Reliable data transfer • Short range operation • Very low power consumption Simple but flexible protocol Slide 10 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  11. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Typical Network Topologies 9/27/05 Slide 11 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  12. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Device Classes • Full function device (FFD) • Any topology • Network coordinator capable • Talks to any other device • Reduced function device (RFD) • Limited to star topology • Cannot become a network coordinator • Talks only to a network coordinator • Very simple implementation Slide 12 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  13. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Star Topology PAN Coordinator Master/slave Communications flow Full function device Reduced function device 9/27/05 Slide 13 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  14. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Peer-Peer Topology Cluster tree Point to point Full function device Communications flow Slide 14 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  15. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Combined Topology Clustered stars - for example, cluster nodes exist between rooms of a hotel and each room has a star network for control. Communications flow Full function device Reduced function device 9/27/05 Slide 15 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  16. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview General Frame Structure • 4 Types of MAC Frames: • Data Frame • Beacon Frame • Acknowledgment Frame • MAC Command Frame 9/27/05 Slide 16 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  17. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Traffic Types • Periodic data • Application defined rate (e.g. sensors) • Intermittent data • Application/external stimulus defined rate (e.g. light switch) • Repetitive low latency data • Allocation of time slots (e.g. mouse) 9/27/05 Slide 17 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  18. 802.15.4 Architecture Applications • Network Routing • Address translation • Packet Segmentation • Profiles ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz 2400 MHz PHY PHY Slide 18 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  19. ZigBee Stack Architecture Slide 19 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  20. Typical ZigBee-Enabled Device Design Typical design consist of RF IC and 8-bit microprocessor with peripherals connected to an application sensor or actuators 9/27/05 Slide 20 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  21. 34KB /14KB 356 mA Wireless Technology Comparison Chart Slide 21 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  22. Competing/Similar Technologies • Bluetooth • http://www.bluetooth.org • http://www.bluetooth.com • X10 • Powerline protocol first introduced in the 1970's. • http://www.x10.com/technology1.htm • Z-wave • Proprietary protocol for wireless home control networking. • http://www.z-wavealliance.com/ • INSTEON • Peer-to-peer mesh networking product that features a hybrid radio/powerline transmission • http://www.insteon.net • nanoNET • Proprietary set of wireless sensor protocols, designed to compete with ZigBee. • http://www.nanotron.com/ Slide 22 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  23. 802.15.4/ZigBee Products Control4 Home Automation System http://www.control4.com/products/components/complete.htm Eaton Home HeartBeat monitoring system www.homeheartbeat.com • Chip Sets • Ember, http://www.ember.com/index.html • ChipCon, http://www.chipcon.com • Freescale, http://www.freescale.com • Software, Development Kits • AirBee, http://www.airbeewireless.com/products.php • Software Technologies Group, http://www.stg.com/wireless/ Slide 23 Joe Dvorak, Motorola 9/27/05

  24. Motorola Activity NeuRFonTM • Implementation of 802.15.4 & ZigBee • Aimed at enterprises • Asset Tracking • Security • Public Safety • Range: 10m • Transmission interval: ~ 4 minutes • Nodes move, Controller does not • Battery life: 1 week to several years (nodes with 2 AA batteries) • Interfaces: machine-only 9/27/05 Slide 24 Joe Dvorak, Motorola

  25. Motorola Activity ConformablesTM • Implementation of 802.15.4 only • Aimed at consumers • Home device control • Location awareness • Personal reminders • Range: 1 - 5m • Phone is controller • Both nodes and can controller move • Battery life: ~1 week years (nodes with ~320 mAhr rechargeable battery) • Transmission interval: 1 second • Interfaces: machine and human SmartButton LoBe Janus Digital Paperclip 9/27/05 Joe Dvorak, Motorola Slide 25

  26. More Information • IEEE 2003 version of 802.15.4 MAC & Phy standard • http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2003.pdf • ZigBee Specification • http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asp • 802.15.4 Tutorial • http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/2003/Jan03/03036r0P802-15_WG-802-15-4-TG4-Tutorial.ppt • Slides 3 – 17 were adapted from this tutorial • ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works • http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm • ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works • http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm • Home networking with Zigbee • http://www.embedded.com//showArticle.jhtml?articleID=18902431 • Slides 19 – 21 were adapted from this article • Can the competition lock ZigBee out of the home? • http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?FeatureID=1809

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