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chapter 17

chapter 17. Physical Activity Epidemiology Research. Chapter Outline. Introduction Physical activity measurement Epidemiologic study designs Reading and interpreting a physical activity epidemiologic study. What is Epidemiology?.

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chapter 17

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  1. chapter17 Physical ActivityEpidemiology Research

  2. Chapter Outline • Introduction • Physical activity measurement • Epidemiologic study designs • Reading and interpreting a physical activity epidemiologic study

  3. What is Epidemiology? Epidemiology is “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems” (Last 1988, 141). • Distribution • Frequency: prevalence, incidence, morality rate • Patterns: Person, place, time • Determinants: Defined characteristics associated with change in health • Application: Translation of knowledge to practice

  4. Development of Exercise Epidemiology • Early studies • Framingham Heart Study • London Busmen/British Civil Servants • Tecumseh Health Study • Harvard Alumni Health Study • Minnesota studies • Health People 2010 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)

  5. Purposes of Epidemiologic Methods • Quantifying the magnitude of health problems • Identifying the factors that cause disease • Providing quantitative guidance for the allocation of public health resources • Monitoring the effectiveness of prevention strategies using population-wide surveillance programs

  6. Key Points in Exercise Epidemiology • Observational versus experimental research • Key terms in exercise epidemiology • Distribution: frequency and patterns • Determinants • Assessment of physical activity • Direct measurements • Questionnaires

  7. Epidemiologic Study Designs • Descriptive epidemiology • Cross-sectional designs • Ecological designs • Analytical designs • Cohort studies • Case-control studies • Experimental designs: randomized trials

  8. Design in Exercise Epidemiology • Case-control studies: select participants from a group with a disorder and compare with cases without the disorder • Cohort studies • Groups exposed to cause of disorder versus those not exposed: relative frequency of exposure and nonexposure is known • Sample of cohorts selected from population and grouped into cases and noncases

  9. Types of Case-Controland Cohort Designs • Retrospective: Look back from effects to potential causes • Prospective: Identify an event and follow cases forward form that event for some period • Cross-sectional: Measure causes and effects at a certain point and look at relationships

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