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C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity

C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity. Pp. 442 - 471. Classification- grouping of organisms or info based on similarities Taxonomy- branch of science that groups & names organisms Aristotle grouped everything into plants & animals with subgroups for each. C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity.

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C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity

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  1. C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity Pp. 442 - 471

  2. Classification- grouping of organisms or info based on similarities Taxonomy- branch of science that groups & names organisms Aristotle grouped everything into plants & animals with subgroups for each. C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity

  3. Organizing Life’s Diversity • He grouped plants into herbs, shrubs & trees. • As more organisms were discovered, some did not fit Aristotle’s categories. • His ideas persisted for centuries.

  4. Organizing Life’s Diversity In the late 18th century, Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus, developed a system based on structural & physical similarities. Grouping reveal relationships.

  5. Organizing Life’s Diversity • Binomial nomenclature- 2 word naming system Linnaeus developed to identify species. • Genus specific epithet-Homo sapiens or H. sapiens

  6. Organizing Life’s Diversity • We use Latin because the language is no longer changing. • Printed in italics; handwritten underlined • Genus uppercase species lower case

  7. Organizing Life’s Diversity • Atropa belladonna by C. Linnaeus. • Organisms also have common names which may vary depending upon location.

  8. Modern Classification • Taxonomists compare: internal/external structure geographical distribution genetic makeup evolutionary relationships • Easier to understand biological diversity

  9. Modern Classification • Taxonomists discover new sources of lumber, medicine & energy.

  10. How Living Things are Classified • Ranked in taxa from general to specific characteristics. • Species look alike & successfully interbreed. • Genus similar features; closely related

  11. How Living Things are Classified • Domains include all six kingdoms.

  12. 17-2 The Six Kingdoms • How are evolutionary relationships determined? • Structural similarities • Breeding behavior • Geographic distribution • Chromosome comparison • Biochemistry

  13. Phylogenetic Classification • Phylogeny evolutionary history of a species • Cladistics is based on phylogeny. • Cladograms are models of these evolutionary relationships

  14. Cladogram

  15. Cladogram

  16. Six Kingdoms- Prokaryote • Prokaryotes microscopic, unicellular, without membrane-bound nuclei, may be autotrophic (chemosynthetic or photosynthetic) or heterotrophic • 3.4 BY old fossils

  17. Six Kingdoms- Eubacteria • Eubacteria- very strong cell walls, less complex genetic makeup, live in most habitats except extremes, some cause disease, most are harmless, some are helpful

  18. Six Kingdoms Protists • Protists-

  19. Six Kingdoms- Protists • Protists- eukaryote lacking complex organ systems, lives in moist environment, unicellular & multicellular, plant-like autotrophs, animal-like heterotrophs or fungus-like heterotrophs • 2 BY old fossils

  20. Six Kingdoms- Fungi • Fungi- heterotrophs, earth’s decomposers • Unicellular or multicellular eukaryote • Absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment • 400,000 MY old fossils • More than 50,000 known species

  21. Six Kingdoms- Plants • Multicellular, oxygen producers • Photosynthetic eukaryotes • Contains chloroplasts & has cell walls of cellulose • 400 MY old fossils • More than 250,000 known species

  22. Six Kingdoms- Animals • Multicellular consumers • Cells, tissues, organs, systems • Can move about • 600,000 MY old fossils

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