Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title:[Global Overview of Existing Radio Communication Systems used for Positive Train Control] Date Submitted: [18 January, 2012] Source: [Ibrahim Muftic] Company [Parsons Brinckerhoff] Address [303 2nd Street, Suite 700 N, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA] Voice:[+1 415.218.2554], FAX: [Add FAX number], E-Mail:[muftici@pbworld.com] Re: [If this is a proposed revision, cite the original document.] [If this is a response to a Call for Contributions, cite the name and date of the Call for Contributions to which this document responds, as well as the relevant item number in the Call for Contributions.] [Note: Contributions that are not responsive to this section of the template, and contributions which do not address the topic under which they are submitted, may be refused or consigned to the “General Contributions” area.] Abstract: [Existing Radio communication Systems used for PTC, Development, Standardization, ERTMS, ETCS, GSM-R] Purpose: [For the PTC Study Group to use as an informative information as it moves forward.] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

2. Global Overview of Existing Radio Communication Systems for Positive Train ControlDevelopment and Standardization Ibrahim Muftic Parsons Brinckerhoff Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

3. Key Terms Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff PTC - Positive Train Control ERTMS – European Rail Traffic Management System ETCS – European Train Control System CTCS – Chinese Train Control System GSM-R – Global System for Mobile communication – Railways TETRA - Terrestrial Trunked Radio CBTC – Communication Based Train Control

4. Radio Communication Systems used for Positive Train Control • Open-standard based, multi-vendor • GSM-R for ETCS (ERTMS) • IEEE 802.11 for CBTC (Monorail Las Vegas/4-mile route, low-speed trains) • Proprietary technologies, not standardized, single vendor solutions - radio systems used for: • Radio based CBTC systems mainly for transit/metro systems • Transrapid Maglev System • Shinkansen (some backup information used for train control) Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

5. Radio Communication Systems used for Positive Train Control Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff • The US PTC systems based on proprietary, non standardized, single vendor radios • ACSES (Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System) – NEC (North East Corridor) • CAS (Collision Avoidance System) – Alaska Railroad, PATH (Port Authority of NY & NJ) • ETMS – BNSF (35 subdivisions) • CBTM (Communications Based Train Management) – CSXT, South Carolina-Georgia • ITCS – Amtrak, Michigan • VTMS – UP (Wyoming, State of Washington) • OTC – South Carolina • Train Sentinel – Ohio Central Railroad System

6. In Europe Before ERTMS • Train Control Systems • Tens of different legacy train control systems, analog systems based on inductive loops and/or transponders • Issues with interoperability, multiple on-board train control equipment on locomotives for international corridors, high maintenance costs, proprietary technologies • Radio Communication Systems • Tens of different legacy radio communication systems, analog, 400 MHz bands, mostly semi/half duplex - voice only, obsolete systems, high maintenance costs, poor QoS, local connectivity, many users share same channel, etc. Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

7. GSM-R Development History • UIC - worldwide international organization of the railway sector • One of the objectives to create new world standards for railways (including common standards with other transport modes) • In late 80-ies Study for selecting of a new digital railway radio communication system • Primary candidate technologies GSM and TETRA • 1990 - UIC adopted GSM technology as a base for a new railway radio system development • Low risk development path, HW already COTS at the time • spectrum allocation for the railway purposes was requested • 1991 – Development of a new telecommunication system (including radio) required by the European Community Rail Directive • Requirements: • Non-proprietary, open, interoperable across Europe • Voice and data for both general application and train control • Future proof … Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

8. GSM-R vs. TETRA • TETRA • Based on PMR upgraded with GSM features • FDMA/TDMA • Modulation scheme 4π DQPSK (Differential Quaternary Phase-Shift Keying) • 25 kHz / carrier • 4 timeslots / carrier • Can work in certain parts of 300, 400, 800 and 900 MHz bands • Data rates • CSD • Low protected 7.2 kbps • Low protected 4.8 kbps • High protected 2.4 kbps • PSD • Same as with CSD • It wasn’t proven and commercially available at the time of the decision GSM-R • Based on GSM upgraded with PMR features • FDMA/TDMA • Modulation scheme Gaussian-Filtered Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) • 200 kHz / carrier • 8 timeslots / carrier • Can work in GSM 850/900, 1800, 1900 MHz bands • Data rates • CSD • Low protected 14.4 kbps • High protected <9.6 kbps • PSD (GPRS) • ~53 kbps • There is no train control system over TETRA developed yet Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

9. GSM-R Development History • EIRENE (European Integrated Radio Enhanced Network) project • UIC along with Railway companies • FRS and SRS • Started in 1992, first draft specs in 1995. • MORANE (Mobile Oriented Radio Network) • EC, UIC, Railways, GSM suppliers • In 2000 – FRS/SRS ver. 4/12 • Current ver. 7.1/15.1; 8/16 expected Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

10. Broad Railways Commitment to GSM-R • EU commitment through legal and financial support • EU directives from 1996 for High Speed lines and from 2001 for conventional lines require ETCS and GSM-R implementation • UIC MoU, commitment by the railways to focus Radio Communication systems investments only to GSM-R • In 1997 signed by 32 railways, current status 37 railways Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

11. GSM-R Frequency Range • Spectrum has been allocated by the relevant EU and national authorities in 800/900 MHz so called “native” GSM-R bands • 876-880 for uplink paired with 921-925 MHz for downlink (2x4MHz with 45 MHz duplex spacing) • Extended GSM-R bands (ongoing initiative in EU) • 873-876 paired with 918-921 MHz • E-GSM bands in China • 1800 MHz GSM bands in Australia • 1710-1785 paired with 1805-1880 MHz Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

12. GSM-R standardization stack • Some EIRENE features enhanced • SMS to Functional Number … Optional /Implementation specific • - QoS to support ETCS and high availability voice comms • High mobility – up to 500 kph • Functional Addressing • LDA - Location Dependent Addressing • Railway Emergency Calls … EIRENE - railway specific functionalities • ASCI – Advanced Call Speech Items functionalities: • Enhanced Multi Level Precedence and Pre-emption • Voice Broadcast Service • Voice Group Call Service … GSM enhancements for railways (by ETSI 3GPP) GSM standard functionalities (based on ETSI 2+ Release 99) • All GSM 2+ features can be used for GSM-R Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

13. Train Control over GSM-R ETCS project started in 1992 by UIC/ERRI Specifications for a new digital train control to satisfy all the needs for conventional and high-speed train lines Mandated in EU for newly built and system upgrades on major corridors ETCS levels 2 and 3 are radio communication based Installed in China for high-speed trains, modified to CTCS Proven, multi-vendor, open standard systems for conventional and high-speed trains Uses CSD Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

14. GSM-R implementation status • Europe • All EU member countries are in the implementation phase • Many countries have already deployed GSM-R system on major corridors • Finland, Norway, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain (in operation ~64,000 km and ~140.000 mobile units) • Only where ETCS L2 is deployed also GSM-R is used for as train control system bearer • Overall European railway network ~220,000 km • Planned to be equipped with GSM-R ~150,000 km (~66%) and more then 300.000 mobile users Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

15. GSM-R implementation status • World-wide • In operation • China, India • In Construction and Contracted • Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Morocco, Algeria, Russia • Considered • Kazakhstan, South African Republic, Brazil, Argentina … and USA Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

16. Current Issues with GSM-R • Lack of capacity in dense traffic areas • solutions: migration to ETCS over GPRS and/or extending the RF spectrum • Interference issues with UMTS 900 and LTE systems in adjacent bands • solutions: better protection by regulation, SW/HW solutions Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

17. Potential Implementation in the US The challenge to implementing ETCS or any other PTC system over GSM-R is the lack of available RF spectrum for GSM-R throughout the US For some railroads the challenge might be relatively higher costs in compare to the existing solutions Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

18. References www.uic.org www.fra.dot.gov www.tsd.org www.wikipedia.org Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff

19. Q&A Ibrahim Muftic, Parsons Brinckerhoff