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Explore the presidency of John Tyler, his conflicts with the Whig party, and the tensions between the United States and Britain. Learn about the Canadian Revolution, the Aroostook War, the Lone Star of Texas, and the Oregon Fever. Discover the mandate for Manifest Destiny and the misunderstanding with Mexico that led to the Mexican-American War.
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Chapter 17 The Accession of Tyler too
Intro and Accession of Tyler • 1840 Harrison elected • Clay and Webster plan on controlling the white house from behind scenes • Harrison died and plans change
Who was Tyler (still accession) • VG gentleman • Dedicated to principle • Democrat in Whig clothing • States righter • Usually at odds with Whigs • Put on ticket to attract votes, but not be pres
John Tyler: President without a party • Whigs plan: • From Clay’s Nationalistic Program • Banks -End Independent Treasury -Fiscal bank would lead to a new Bank of US -Tyler Vetoed said UC -Clay tries again with Fiscal Corporation: Vetoed
-Tyler expelled from party -known as His accidency, EA, Grippe -almost entire cabinet resigned
Whig Tariff --Vetoed first -Signed second try which was lower -Harrison promised 2 dollars a day and Roast Beef -Tyler: Ten cents and Bean Soup
War of Words with Britain • English hatred still prominent • Why? • Memories of two wars • British judged us as backwards • British Travel Books • Paper war • Owed money to Brits for improvements, never like the lender
Words to into action (war of words still) • 1837 Canadian Revolution • US supplied some weapons • Caroline US steamer going with supplies attacked • 1840: McLeod: Canadian said he had a part in sinking. Almost caused war • Creole: Slave ship rebelled and British offered freedom to slaves on
Manipulating Maine • British wanted a road through their territory • Had been clashes among lumberjacks • Aroostook River Valley no mans land • Aroostook war • Lumberjack war over good trees • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZa26_esLBE • Ashburton sent to settle
Ashburton Treaty • Settled land dispute • Settled Caroline dispute • US get a lot of Iron later • US got more land, but Britain got their land route
Lone Star of Texas • Texas had been floating on own since 1836 • Mexico threatened war • Texas lived in fear • Britain wanted Texas to be free, wanted to try to get in and influence, and challenge Monroe Doctrine
Belated Texas Nuptials • Texas an issue in 44 • Texas or Disunion! • Polk gets elected and Texas comes in • Tyler did a lot to get ready • Tyler opts for a Joint Resolution • Mexico mad, but barely Mex any more
Oregon Fever Populates Oregon • Oregon massive wilderness • N of CA to 54/40 • Spain, Russia, Brit, and US all have claim • Spain out in Florida Treaty 1819 • Russia out 1824-5
Brit had claim, Hudson Bay Company • America laid claim in 1792 by Gray • Then Lewis and Clark in 1804-6 • Missionaries in 1830s
Brits and US lived side by side in Peace • 1818 America wants to divide at 49th PLL • Joint occupation stayed
Americans start coming using trail • 1846 5000 US south of Columbia • Brits 700 • Small territory under dispute • Becomes an issue in 44
Mandate for Manifest Destiny • 1844 Election • Clay: Whigs • Demos: Deadlocked so pick Polk Dark Horse • Gov of Tenn, Speaker of HS • Young Hickory
1844 election • Issue was Man Dest • Texas and Oregon • Lots of campaign activity • Clay tried to straddle Texas issue • Liberty Party absorbed 16000 votes that would have made a diff • Demos win with Polk • Tyler signs joint res
Polk the Purposeful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xh0IqC8Chr4 • Serious guy • Gray eyed and stern faced • Not as dark of a horse as people said • Did not delegate well • Wanted lower tariff • Sec of T: Walker • 32-25% • Walker tariff met resistance, but turned out Good
Restore IndTrsy • Which he accomplished • CA and OR • Promised in Campaign. All of OR • Polk not want all of OR, give N too much power • Tried for 49 • Brit ignores
Then Brit changes mind • Furred out • Not worth war • 1846 come ready for treaty • Polk mad and sends to Senate • Some call 54 40 or fight • In end got compromise
Misunderstanding with Mexico • CA looked mighty nice to MD’s • Port of San Fran key • Mix of Spanish, Mexican, US, Native • Polk wanted to buy • Mexico already owed us 3 million • Mexico still mad about Texas • Ambassador called home
Where did Texas end and Mexico start? • Mexicans thought Nueces River • America thought Rio Grande • Basically became a DMZ • 1845 Polk sends Slidell to Mexico to offer 25 million • Mexicans ignore
American Blood on American Soil • 1846 Polk orders Taylor to go to Rio • Mexicans not take bait • Polk tells cabinet he is going to ask for war on the basis of unpaid bills, Slidell’s rejections • April 46, Mexicans attack Taylor and kill 16 • Polk tells Congress we tried to a avoid, but they attacked • Lincoln speaks up as a Whig Congressman • Both sides were ready for a fight
Mastering of Mexico • Santa Anna tricks Polk • Kearny takes Santa Fe and heads towards CA, but Fremont had already secured • Bear Flag
Taylor • Old Rough and Ready • Buena Vista • 5000 vs 20000 • Spontaneous combustion
Scott • Had bigger army so went for Mex city • Fuss and Feathers • Facing disease and troop issues • Overcame odds and won at MC
Fighting Mexico for Peace • Polk sends Trist to bring Peace • Trist and Scott get armistice with SA for 10,000 • SA took money and tried to refortify • Polk recalls Trist, but he refuses to come home • Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo 1848 • America got massive land grant and had to pay about 19 mill. We had offered them 25 for CA!
Conscience Whigs or Mexican Whigs condemn • Threatened to vote down supplies! • Some people call for all of Mexico
Profit and Loss • Small war • 13000 lives • 1/3 more land • Schoolroom of Civil War • Navy played big role/blockade • Respect for our military • Each army respected each other • Chapultepec
Created bad blood between countries • LA a little worried about us • Colossus of North? • Brought up slavery issue • Wilmot Proviso: • No slavery in new territory • Passed House twice, but not Senate • Mexico will Poison us: Emerson • Forbidden Fruit: Calhoun