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Ammonia Chain

Ammonia Chain. Mike Loper Paul Matthews. Introduction. Production of ammonia Uses and derivatives Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Urea Nitric Acid Other Economics. Ammonia Production. N 2 + 3H 2 + Δ /Pressure⇌ 2NH 3 Haber-Bosch process Iron-Oxide catalyst

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Ammonia Chain

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  1. Ammonia Chain Mike Loper Paul Matthews

  2. Introduction • Production of ammonia • Uses and derivatives • Ammonium Nitrate • Ammonium Sulfate • Urea • Nitric Acid • Other • Economics

  3. Ammonia Production N2 + 3H2 + Δ/Pressure⇌ 2NH3 • Haber-Bosch process • Iron-Oxide catalyst • Ruthenium-Carbon new, but expensive • H2 usually direct from oil refinery • 85-90% Yield

  4. Uses and Derivatives of Ammonia • Mainly agriculture • Ammonium nitrate • Ammonium sulfate • Urea • Nitric Acid • Polymers • Acrylonitrile • Caprolactam • Explosives • Nitroglycerin • Very small portion

  5. Ammonium Nitrate NH3 + HNO3 → NH4NO3 • Prilling • Hot concentrate sprayed from tower • Removes end traces of water • 82:18 ratio of fertilizer:explosive end use • Cold packs

  6. Ammonium Sulfate 2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4 • Fertilizer • Food additive • Enzyme purification

  7. Urea 2HN3 + CO2 → NH2COO-NH4+ → NH2CONH2 + H2O • 80% Yield • Excess is used for fertilizer • Direct fertilizer • Livestock feed • Resins • Adhesives • Explosives • Hair removal

  8. Nitric Acid 1. 4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O 2. 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 3. 3 NO2 + H2O → 2 HNO3 + NO • Ostwald process • Made into other chemicals • Ammonium Nitrate • Polymers • Rocket Propellant

  9. Economics

  10. References • Images • Ammonium Nitrate Prills. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://www.sriammanchemicals.com/full-images/porous-prilled-ammonium-nitrate-790634.jpg • Bread. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/fresh-sliced-bread.jpg • Chenier, P. J. (2002). Survey of Industrial Chemistry, Third Edition. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. • Global Ammonia Consumption Pie Chart. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://www.chemsystems.com/reports/search/docs/prospectus/SBA09_Ammonia_Urea_Prospectus.pdf • Household Ammonia. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://images.cpcache.com/merchandise/514_400x400_NoPeel.jpg?region=name:FrontCenter,id:69021497,w:16 • Nair Logo. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://divasanddorks.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/NairLogonew-1024x402.jpg • Nitrogen Manufacturing Process Chart. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibria/haberflow.gif • Sources • Chenier, P. J. (2002). Survey of Industrial Chemistry, Third Edition. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. • Princeton. (2013). Ammonium Nitrate. Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Ammonium_nitrate.html • Wang, N. S. (n.d.). Experiment No. 6A - Enzyme Purification. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. College Park, Maryland, United States of America: University of Maryland. • World Health Organization. (2013). Food Additive Details. Retrieved from CODEX alimentarius: http://images.cpcache.com/merchandise/514_400x400_NoPeel.jpg?region=name:FrontCenter,id:69021497,w:16

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