Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning for Competitive Advantage

1. Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning for Competitive Advantage

2. Marketing Process Involves • Market orientation as philosophy • Market segmentation • Targeting market • Positioning • Marketing mix

3. Marketing Strategy • Select base for segmentation and identify appropriate market segments e.g. groups, individuals, organiztions. • Evaluate and appraise the market segments resulting from the first step. • Select an overall market targeting strategy and specific target segments. • Tailoring a distinct position in selected markets • Developing marketing mixes that serve desired positioning strategy in the marketplace • Auditing marketing environments and efforts

4. Importance of Segmentation and Targeting • The focus of a successful marketing program is the customer. Effectively marketing must fully understand the needs. • Customers with decent life and individualism have Heterogeneous demands, This has given rise to need segmenting. • The process of understanding the customer and choosing a group of customer you can serve best is targeting. • So target a segmentation is core of the marketing process.

5. Identify the Total Market Identify Total Market Effective Segmentation Bases for Segmentation Select Target Segment Positioning Strategy Marketing Mix Monitor, Evaluate and Control Objective 3

6. Identify the Total Market • The first step in the target market selection process is to specifically define the total market of all potential customers for a product category.

7. Segmentation • Segmenting means dividing a heterogeneous demanding markets into homogenous groups based on similar characteristics or traits • Heterogeneous demand- different groups of customers have differing needs from specific products. • Homogeneous segment- the separation of markets into distinctive groups based on homogeneous characteristics.

8. Distinctive Actionable Substantial Measurable Identifiable Accessible Criteria for successful segmentation

9. Distinctive Criteria for successful segmentation • Clear differences in consumer preferences for a product must exist.

10. Measurable Identifiable Criteria for successful segmentation • Difference preferences for a product must be identifiable and capable of being related to measurable variables.

11. Criteria for successful segmentation Substantial • The proposed market segment must have enough size and purchasing power to be profitable.

12. Criteria for successful segmentation • Companies must be able to respond to difference preferences with an appropriate marketing mix. Actionable

13. Accessible Criteria for successful segmentation • The proposed market segment must be readily accessible and reachable with market programs.

14. Bases for Segmentation • To divide a market into segments, firms use segmenting criterion that describe the characteristics of each part of the market.

15. Segmentation Base Demographic Segmentation Benefits-Sought Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Situation Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavior/Usage Segmentation

16. Life-cycle Segmentation Base Income Level Social class Ethnic Education

17. Segmentation Base Demographic Segmentation Benefits-Sought Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Situation Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavior/Usage Segmentation

18. Segmentation Base • Localizes its marketing efforts to specific geographic regions

19. Segmentation Base Demographic Segmentation Benefits-Sought Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Situation Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavior/Usage Segmentation

20. Segmentation Base • Grouping customers together based on social class, lifestyles and psychological characteristics (attitudes, interests and opinions) • Useful but more difficult to identify and measure compared to demographic variables

21. Segmentation Base Demographic Segmentation Benefits-Sought Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Situation Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavior/Usage Segmentation

22. Segmentation Base • Markets can be segmented based on the benefits that consumers desire from using a specific product

23. Segmentation Base Demographic Segmentation Benefits-Sought Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Situation Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavior/Usage Segmentation

24. Segmentation Base • Purchase situation or occasion • Physical surroundings • Social surroundings • Temporal perspective

25. Segmentation Base Demographic Segmentation Benefits-Sought Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Situation Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavior/Usage Segmentation

26. Segmentation Base • Markets can be segmented by how often or how heavily consumers use a specific product • Pareto’s Principle or 80/20 Principle - 80% of revenue generated by 20% of customers Light Users 80% Heavy Users 20%

27. Segmentation Base • Information for segmenting markets may be obtained from database such as Census, State Statistics etc.

28. Segmenting Business Markets • While the steps in the target market selection process are essentially the same for business markets, there are three major differences: • The purchasing process, which differs greatly from the household consumer market. • The use of different segment variables, in simple way, a Standard Industrial classification is often employed

29. Segmenting Business Markets • Segmentation variables used to segment business markets: • Size • Industry • Purchasing approaches • Product usage • Situational factors (seasonal trend) • Geographic

30. Targeting • Targeting: choose the specific segment toward which a firm directs its market efforts. • Niche Marketing: the process of targeting a small market segment with a specific, specialized marketing mix (not core products on offer). • Micromarketing- the process of targeting smaller, more narrowly defined market segments. • On the individual consumer end of the continuum, a firm may decide to target individual consumers and personalize marketing efforts toward each.

31. Advantage of Targeting Efforts • Can effectively serve all the segments, must target marketing efforts to a segment or segments. • Marketing opportunities and unfilled ‘gaps ’ are more accurately identified • Marketing mix is more delicately meet toe potential customer’s needs • Offer the greatest potential to achieve profit or relationship goals

32. Targeting Strategy 1.Undifferentiated marketing 2.Differentiated marketing 3.Concentrated marketing 4.Custom marketing

33. Targeting Strategy Undifferentiated targeting strategy • Companies might develop one marketing mix strategy that is appropriate for all members of the total market. Concentrated strategy Differentiated strategy

34. Targeting Strategy Undifferentiated targeting strategy • Only one marketing mix is developed and directed toward a few, or perhaps one, profitable market segments. Concentrated strategy Differentiated strategy

35. Targeting Strategy Undifferentiated targeting strategy • Exists when a firm develops different marketing mix plans specially tailored for each of two or more market segments. Concentrated strategy Differentiated strategy

36. Positioning Positioning • Kotler defined: “designing an offer so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the minds of the target customer.”

37. Positioning Positioning Image that customers have about a product in relation to the product’s competitors

38. Positioning Strategy • Key to developing the appropriate marketing mix is the positioning strategy of the product.

39. Presumptions of Positioning • All products have object and subject attributes • Recognizable • Comparable

40. Select Positioning Strategy • Effective positioning • What consumers currently think about the product, especially in relation to competing products • What the marketer wants consumers to think about the product • Which positioning strategy will elevate the consumers’ current product image to the desired product image.

41. Select Positioning Strategy • Position Mapping also called as perceptual mapping- creating a visual description about consumer perceptions of a product on two or more dimensions in relation to competitors.

42. Select Positioning Strategy

43. Select Positioning Strategy

44. Select Positioning Strategy • The positioning strategy must determine where a company wants to go • And how to get there by positioning the product according to any of the following ways: • Price/Quality • Product Attributes • Product User • Product Usage • Product Class • Competition • Symbol

45. Marketing Mix Identify Total Market Segmentation Bases for Segmentation Select Target Segment Positioning Strategy Marketing Mix Monitor, Evaluate and Control Objective 3

46. Marketing Mix • The final steps are to develop and a marketing mix matched to the needs of the target market • This must support the chosen positional strategy in the selected target markets • Therefore determine the ‘4Ps ’ or “7Ps” of its marketing mix as a tool to achieve the desired position

47. Recognize 4Ps and the 7Ps • Productcustomer value • Pricecost • Placeconvenience • Promotioncommunication • Peopleconsideration • Processesco-ordination • Physical evidenceconfirmation

48. Place (Distribution) Product Price Promotion Marketing Strategy and the Marketing Mix Marketing Mix Objective 4

49. Product Marketing Strategy and the Marketing Mix • Refers to goods, services, people, places and ideas • Household consumers • Business-to-business customers

50. Place (Distribution) Marketing Strategy and the Marketing Mix • Marketing channel is the network of organizations that create time, place and ownership utilities for household consumers and business customers.