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Homework 2 Due Monday Jan. 25

Homework 2 Due Monday Jan. 25 As of the date of your text, there were 30 billion barrels of recoverable oil in Alaska. (5) For how many years would this supply US needs? You will need to use the information in Chapter 1.

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Homework 2 Due Monday Jan. 25

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  1. Homework 2 Due Monday Jan. 25 As of the date of your text, there were 30 billion barrels of recoverable oil in Alaska. (5) For how many years would this supply US needs? You will need to use the information in Chapter 1. (5) How many barrels per year does the US import? For the latest numbers, go to www.eia.doe.gov, or //tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_wkly.dc_NUS-Z00_mbblpd_w.htm. Watch out for the units used! (10) Argue for or against one or the other of the following extreme strategies for that Alaskan oil. Full credit for your answer will require the use of facts and numbers, not just emotions or opinions. Leave that oil in place. Use this as quickly as possible.

  2. Natural Gas

  3. What is natural gas? A gas at ‘STP’ Can be liquified LNG, and shipped as that cold liquid. Mostly methane CH4. May contain CO2, H2S,water, mists…

  4. Catalysts • Widely used for oil, gas, biofuels, car exhausts…. • A catalyst changes the RATE of a chemical reaction, without itself being consumed. • Often active on the surface of meshes or particles. Fragile. • Often expensive metals, such as platinum • example 2H2O22H2O +O2 Accelerated by blood, or by MnO2

  5. How do we pay for gas? Xcel energy bill Dec. 23, 2009 Measured usage- 91 (ccf=hundred cubic feet) Therm. Multiplier-0.8739 One therm = 100,000 Btu Therms used – 80.00 • Usage charge 80 x 0.09937 =$7.95 • Interstate pipeline 80x 0.08170=$6.54 • Natural gas 80 x 0.47790 =$38.23 • Service & facility $10.83 • Franchise fee $1.90 • Sales tax $2.23 • Gas itself was 57% of the bill.

  6. Distribution of proved natural gas reserves Distribution of proved reserves in 1988, 1998 and 2008 Percentage

  7. Natural gas production by area Production by region Billion cubic metres

  8. Natural gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios 2008 by region Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years

  9. Major gas trade movements Major trade movements Trade flows worldwide (billion cubic metres)

  10. Burning gas C + O2CO2 +29,300 Btu/kg CH4+2O2 CO2 + 2H2O +53,000 Btu/kg To make one million Btu needs 34 kg of coal or 19 kg of methane. “Cleaner fuel” Q? How do these compare in kg of CO2?

  11. Masses in chemical reactions • We have balanced atoms and molecules, but they do not all have the same mass. • Relative weights • H = 1 H2 =2 • C=12 • O=16 O2=32 • So CO2= 12 +2x16 =44

  12. C + O2CO2 • One atom of C  one molecule of CO2 • I 2 grams of C give 44 grams of CO2 • 12 tons of C give 44 tons of CO2 • 1 ton of C gives 44/12 tons of CO2 KNOW THIS!!

  13. Read for Jan. 27 How do we turn coal into gas or liquid? www.liquidcoal.com “Coal in your gas tank” www.coaltoliquid.net wikipedia

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