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Chapter 2: An Introduction

Chapter 2: An Introduction. Revolution and Enlightenment. Radical Change Without Violence. Main Ideas. During the 1600’s most of Europe was controlled by absolutist leaders who asserted their power, came from god. In England however their Parliamentary system was expanding in political power.

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Chapter 2: An Introduction

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  1. Chapter 2: An Introduction Revolution and Enlightenment

  2. Radical Change Without Violence

  3. Main Ideas • During the 1600’s most of Europe was controlled by absolutist leaders who asserted their power, came from god. • In England however their Parliamentary system was expanding in political power. • Civil war broke out between the king and Parliament from 1642-1649. • Parliament won the war and created a constitutional monarchy in which both Parliament and the king shared power.

  4. Absolutism in Europe • Most European monarchs believed that their power came directly from god and not from their citizens, this idea is known as “the divine right of kings” • Louis the 14th king of France exemplified this idea. He even said “I am the State”.

  5. The Tudors • Ruled From 1485 until 1603 • Henry VIII took control of The Church of England so that he could get a divorce. • He had Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy in 1534, which gave the king complete power over the church. • The king gained control of all church property which would enrich the crown and nobles of Parliament.

  6. Civil War • In 1642 war broke out between supporters of the king and supporters of Parliament. • Oliver Cromwell led the Parliamentary army to victory. • Cromwell had the king executed and seized control of England under his control as a military dictator. • After Cromwell’s death the monarchy was restored in a weakened condition.

  7. The Beginning of the Glorious Revolution • The English civil wars created the opportunity for the middle and upper classes to build a basis for representative government. • King James the 2ndA strong absolutist monarch died in 1685 leaving an opening for Parliament to gain more power.

  8. King James the 2ndA strong absolutist monarch died in 1685 leaving an opening for Parliament to gain more power. • England’s nobles and landowners did not want another king to have power and came to a consensus to bring an end to absolute monarchy. • The Glorious Revolution introduced the idea that the king must bow to the representative body in a nation.

  9. Glorious Revolution • The English Civil War is over. • Oliver Cromwell had become a tyrant • He dismissed Parliament and ruled • He died

  10. Restoration • Parliament restores the Stuarts (Charles II) to the throne • He is Protestant • His heir (his brother James is Catholic) • Parliament makes a law (Exclusion Law) to keep James from the throne • Charles dismisses Parliament • He dies and James II becomes a Catholic king. • He has a son who will be Catholic

  11. Revolution • Nobles and landowners did not want a Catholic king • They contacted William of Orange (Dutch leader) and his wife Mary (Protestant daughter of James) • Asked to take monarchy • They raise an army and land in England • Very little opposition (Bloodless Revolution) • If they agreed to and English Bill of Rights they would be crowned monarchs of England • They agreed—they were.

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