一、词法的差异

1. 一、词法的差异 • Matching of words • Cut wheat / cut cake/ cut finger-nails • 炉子着得很旺 • the fire is burning briskly in the stove. • 她着凉了 • she has caught cold. • 你猜着了 • you have guessed right. • 老李躺下就着了 • Lao Li fell asleep as soon as he lay down. • 他走错了一着 • He has made a false move./ take a wrong step • 这些孩子穿着整齐。 • These children are all neatly dressed. • 这些措施都着眼于进一步解放生产力。 • All these measures are aimed to further emancipating the productive forces

2. Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer • fuel up on: 加燃料于… 一些美国人越过国境线，只是为了吃些可口的墨西哥食物，喝点美味的墨西哥啤酒。 • ***Order of words in the sentence*** • Adverb: the cruel murder of the patriots has understandably aroused worldwide indignation. • 残酷杀害爱国志士激起了全世界人民的义愤，这是可以理解的。 • He also concluded that insight into prehistoric cultures should ideally proceed from knowledge of living cultures. • 他还得出这样的结论：要对史前各种文化有深刻的认识，应从了解现存的种种文化着手，这是最理想的方法。 • A certain number of characteristic errors have been pointed out by linguists and can be usefully recalled at this point. • 语言学家已指出一定数量的典型错误，如今回顾一下，不无裨益。

3. 二、句法差异 • 1．汉语按照时间先后。 • I went out for a walk, after I had my dinner. • The “purely spoken ”examples need to be written down before it is possible to examine them in detail. • 那些纯粹口头的例子需要先写下来，然后才可能加以仔细研究。 • The government would wait a month or two before deciding their next move. • 政府将在一两个月后再做出下一步的行动。

4. Sun Yixian died in 1925, before seeing the Northern Expedition Army won its first victories over the warlords. • 孙逸仙于1925年逝世，并未看到北伐军赢得打军阀的最初几次胜利。 • Firemen battled against the flames for several hours before getting them under control. • 消防队员同火搏斗了几个小时才控制了火势。 • Before he could press the trigger, however, the plane had gone up again. • Before we could stop him, he had rushed on to a potato plot and dug up one of the potatoes. • We look at friendship before competition.

5. Capitalism is beyond all comparison superior to feudalism. • The problem, which was in the past beyond the capacity of my single family, was solved quickly by the collective. • It is beyond me. • Her heroism was above all praise. • If you want to learn, you must not be above asking questions.

6. 2．逻辑关系，汉语“因”前“果”后。 • He would be a rash man if he should venture to forecast the results of this event. • 如果有人敢于预言此事的结果，那他定是个鲁莽之徒。 • He who would eat the nut must first crack the shell. • 要吃核果，必先敲果。

7. 三、思维差异 • All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment. • 那所大学的学生做出的任何越轨行为 / 违纪行为都会受到处罚。 • Whether such a fine literary effort made by a woman writer exists, I can not say, if it does exist, it’s unknown to me. • 女作家能否写出如此绝妙的作品来，我不能肯定，也许能，只是我不知道。

8. 英语句子结构转换： • 1．英语简单句------------汉语复合句 • His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free College of the City of New York. • 由于在中学成绩优异，他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。 • Father’s falling ill worried mother. • 父亲病了，这让母亲很着急。 • The pursuit of science withdraws a scientist’s interest from external things. • 科学家因潜心于科学研究，所以没兴趣关注外界的事情。

9. 2．英语复合句--------------汉语简单句 • While we were operating the machine tools, we were very careful. • 我们在操纵机床时非常小心。 • I have no idea when my Denis will be back? • Who made the cake is unknown. • 3. 英语复合句--------------汉语复合句 • It worries her mother much that her daughter often stays up so late. • 女儿经常熬夜，这让妈妈很担心。 • 4．被动----------主动 • She did not wish to be troubled . • Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. • 防腐的新措施已引起了关注。

10. 5. non-life subject sentence • The past decade saw much great progress in our society. • 我国社会在过去10年里取得了很大的进步 • That night sleep eluded him • 那天夜里他没有睡好。 • Rome witnessed many great historic events. • 罗马城发生过许多重大的历史性事件。

11. Her illness prevented her from attending the conference on linguistics. • 她因病没有参加语言学术会议。 • Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. • 这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱尝辛酸。

12. Annotation and paraphrase: • A dead leaf fell in Soapy’s lap. That was Jack Frost’s card. • 一片枯叶飘落到苏比的膝头。那是杰克弗罗斯特的名片。 • But I am short-tempered, frazzled from all responsibilities. I am the “Sandwich Generation”, caught between kids and parents. • 但我的脾气不好，都是这些事给烦的。我是个夹在孩子和父母之间的“三明治人”。

13. You told me the other day that you weren’t going to write anything about yourself. It would be rather like a dog in manger to keep to yourself a whole set of material that you have no intention of using. • 前些日子，你告诉我你自己不打算写有关他的任何东西，可你却又占着大批材料自己不用，这岂不是狗占马槽太自私了吗？

14. People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas Kiss. • 人们认为他在那种场合所表现出的不过是犹大之吻，居心险恶。 • The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference that they rarely leave hope at bottom. • 政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，后患无穷， 主要的不同之处是：盒底很少留有希望。

15. The professor rapped on his desk and shouted: “Gentlemen, order!” • The entire class yelled, “Beer!” • Why a river is so rich? • Because it has two banks. • What usually happen to a lawyer after his death? • He lies still.

16. “Mine is a long and a sad tale!” said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing. • “It is a long tail, certainly,” said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouse’ s tail, “but why do you call it sad?” • Able was I ere I saw Elba.

17. paraphrase • Bill’s new boyfriend is certainly a knockout. • 比尔新结识的女朋友确实很迷人。（源于拳击比赛） • Our team won the game, all right, but it was touch and go for while. • 我们队赢了，但又一阵子险些输掉。（千钧一发的形势） • He acts a lot older than his years. • 他年纪轻轻，做事却相当老练。

18. I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse. • He acts a lot older than his years. • 他年纪轻轻，做事却相当老练。 • His best jokes fell flat. • 他那些最逗人的笑话不灵了。 • He was smooth and agreeable. • 他待人处事，八面玲珑。

19. If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve, I am quite of your opinion. • 如果你认为我的幸福来之容易，受之有愧，那我完全同意你的看法。/不配获得这样的幸福. • Nothing, whether a weighty matter or small detail, was overlooked. • 事无巨细，无一遗漏。 • Arthritis runs in my family, and my mother had struggled with severe arthritis in her fingers for decades. • 关节炎在我家族里世代相传。我母亲患了严重的指关节炎后，在痛苦中煎熬了几十年。

20. “Getting an agent is catch-22,”Hoffman says, “you can’t get one unless you’re published and you need one to get published.” • 要找个出版代理商真是比登天还难，霍夫曼说，你要是没有出版过东西，那就别想找到代理商；可要出版东西，又非要找个代理商不行。第二十二条军规：不可逾越的障碍；由于一套本身不合逻辑的规则或条件而不可能获得期望的结果或解决方式的情形：Second to none

21. 我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼籍的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。父亲说：“事已至此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路。”我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼籍的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。父亲说：“事已至此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路。”

22. Thought it is over two years since I saw my father, I can never forget my last view of his back. That winter my grandmother died, and my father’s official appointment was terminated, for troubles never come singly. I went from Beijing to Xuzhou, to go back with him for the funeral. When I joined him in Xuzhou I found the courtyard strewn with things and could not help shedding tears at the thought of granny. “what’s past is gone,” said my father. “It’s no use grieving. Heaven always leaves us some way out.”

23. It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to joint father in hastening home to attend grandma’s funeral. When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks. Father said, “Now that things’ve come to such a pass, it’s no use crying. Fortunately, Heaven always leaves one a way out.”