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International Settlement. Chapter One Introduction. Concept Category Evolution Players and theirs roles Factors in payment decisions Characteristics and developing trend Correspondent banking relationship. Chapter seven documents. Guidelines of document preparation
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Chapter One Introduction • Concept • Category • Evolution • Players and theirs roles • Factors in payment decisions • Characteristics and developing trend • Correspondent banking relationship
Chapter seven documents • Guidelines of document preparation • Principle and standards • Roles and types of documents • Examination of draft • Transport documents • Invoice • Insurance policy • Certificate of origin • Inspection certificate • Packing list
单证工作“三要点”(一) • 工作主线:合同、信用证、单据 • 一般要求:真实性、指示单据化、清晰简洁 • 工作过程:制作、审核、提交 • 单据类型:官方、商业、金融单据 • 主当事方:受益人、申请人和第三人 • 付款方式:汇付、托收、信用证 • 常涉术语:FOB、 CFR、CIF • 适用范围:对内使用、对外、内外均可
单证工作“三要点”(二) • 时间衔接:相同、早于、晚于 • 重要期限:L/C到期日、装运期、交单期 • 份数表达:FULL(3/3,2/2) SET OF, COPY/FOLD, IN DUPLICATE等 • 单据形式:统一印制、自制、电子单据 • 清晰脉络:业务环节、办证步骤、单证流转 • 特别注意:客检证、认证、特殊单据 • 使用语言:英文、中文、第三国语言
Principle and standards • “Strict compliance” principle 单单一致,单证一致 (表面一致、一致原则的灵活处理、银行”四不管”) • Shipping mark中的件数为“1-up” • FOB下,除非有明确相反的规定,B/L上显示“Freight prepaid”可以接受 • FOB,CFR条件下,L/C中要求提交保险单 • B/L抬头为“To order”,产地证可显示申请人名称或LC 中具名的另一个人作为收货人。 • 签字盖章时图章的文字可与L/C使用的文字不同
Standards • 1) 法律、惯例和规定―-我国的合同法、外贸法和票据法以及联合国国际货物销售合同公约,UCP/EUCP/ISBP/URC/URR/INCOTERMS2000 • 2)合同、信用证和货物 • 3)行业、部门的特殊要求――AMS仓单 MSDS
Roles and types of a L/C • Roles : • Evidencing the fulfillment of obligations; • Representing the title to the ownership of the goods; • Criteria by which to make payment • Types : • Basic documents:invoice、bill of lading、insurance policy • Official documents:certificate of origin、inspection certificate、export license • Other additional documents required by importers
Examination of draft • 金额大小写一致,如无特别规定, 需与L/C币种相符。 例1:Sight payment L/C要求提供: (1)sight draft in USD,drawee bank:issuing bank (2)还要求提供以下单据:120 days sight Euro draft evidencing the Euro-equivalent of the amount of negotiation at the rate of 0.98 per USD1.00 issued by and signed by beneficiary of this L/C drawn on applicant for refinancing purposes only。 • 金额与发票金额一致,且未超过L/C可用余额。 • “Draft for 100% Invoice value”,汇票金额与发票一致。 • 除非信用证另有规定,银行可拒受其金额超过信用证所允许金额的商业发票。 • 出票日期不迟于L/C效期和交单期,也不应早于L/C规定的其他单据的出具日期。 • 付款人需与L/C规定相符 • 注明L/C规定的付款期限
如果L/C要求提单日后XXX日的远期汇票,而一套提单有多个装船批注,且所有的装船批注均显示同一批货物从一个L/C允许的地理区域或地区装运,则使用最早的装船批注日期计算汇票到期日。(以最早的装船日期计算交单期)如果L/C要求提单日后XXX日的远期汇票,而一套提单有多个装船批注,且所有的装船批注均显示同一批货物从一个L/C允许的地理区域或地区装运,则使用最早的装船批注日期计算汇票到期日。(以最早的装船日期计算交单期) 例2: L/C要求提单日后90天的远期汇票,起运港为ANY CHINESE PORT,B/L显示3月1日在天津装上A船,3月15日在上海装上B船。 • 如果L/C要求提单日后XXX日的远期汇票,而一份汇票项下提交了多套提单,显示一批以上货物分别装上不同船只,则最晚的提单日将被用来计算汇票的到期日。 • 注意From与After在汇票到期日与装运期限中的意义区别 例3:信用证规定“Shipment of size B must be effected within 15 days after shipment date of size A” ,若A产品是3月1日装运,那么B产品应在哪个时间段内装运?
Transport documents • Bill of lading • Non-negotiable seaway bill • Multi-modal transport document • Airway bill • Railway、roadway or inland waterway bill • post parcel receipt • Courier receipt(EMS/DHL)
Bill of lading • Concept • Types • Contents • Examination
Concept • is a certificate of the title to the goods issued by a carrier or its agent, evidencing that the goods have been received or shipped on board a vessel and will be transported as contracted to the destination and engaging to deliver goods to the lawful holder of the bill of lading. • Quasi-negotiable • function: • As a receipt of goods from the shipping company to the exporter • As a document of title to the goods • As a evidence of contract for carriage between the exporter and the carrier • International customs 海牙规则,1931年生效 维斯比规则,1977年生效 汉堡规则,1992年生效
Types • Shipped on board/received for shipment B/L • Clean/unclean B/L • Straight, blank,and order B/L • Long form and short form B/L • Direct, transshipment, and through B/L • Liner and charter B/L • Advanced and ante-date B/L
在本案中,托运人未能及时备妥货物的情况下,应该及时与美方威克特公司取得联系,请求修改信用证,并求得对方的谅解,即使对方不同意如此做,至多也只付违约金,而且只有在美方公司确有损失的前提下才付赔偿金.而不应该要求承运人倒签提单,从而造成了买方和承运人共同成为被告,被控合谋伪造单据进行欺诈,既蒙受了经济损失,也丧失商业信誉,实属不该。在本案中,托运人未能及时备妥货物的情况下,应该及时与美方威克特公司取得联系,请求修改信用证,并求得对方的谅解,即使对方不同意如此做,至多也只付违约金,而且只有在美方公司确有损失的前提下才付赔偿金.而不应该要求承运人倒签提单,从而造成了买方和承运人共同成为被告,被控合谋伪造单据进行欺诈,既蒙受了经济损失,也丧失商业信誉,实属不该。
B/L No. 托运人 Shipper 中 国 对 外 贸 易 运 输 总 公 司 北 京 BEIJING 联 运 提 单 COMBINED TRANSPORT BILL OF LADING RECEIVED the foods in apparent good order and condition as specified below unless otherwise stated herein. THE Carrier, in accordance with the provisions contained in this document, 1) undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of the entire transport form the place at which the goods are taken in charge to the place designated for delivery in this document, and 2) assumes liability as prescribed in this document for such transport One of the bills of Lading must be surrendered duty indorsed in exchange for the goods or delivery order 收货人或指示 Consignee or order 通知地址 Notify address 前段运输 Pre-carriage by 收货地点 Place of Receipt 海运船只 Ocean Vessel 装货港 Port of Loading 卸货港 Port of Discharge 交货地点 Place of Delivery 运费支付地 Freight payable at 正本提单份数 Number of original Bs/L 标志和号码 件数和包装种类 货 名 毛 重(公斤) 尺 码(立方米) Marks and Nos. Number and kind of packages Description of goods Gross weight(kgs.) Measurement(m3) 以 上 细 目 由 托 运 人 提 供 ABOVE PARTICULARS FURNISHED BY SHIPPER 运 费 和 费 用 Freight and charges IN WITNESS whereof the number of original bills of Lading stated above have been signed, one of which being accomplished, the other(s) to be void. 签单地点和日期 Place and date of issue 代 表 承 运 人 签 字 Signed for or on behalf of the carrier 代 理 as Agents
Contents of B/L • 托运人(shipper):一般为出口企业 第三者提单(Third party’s B/L) • 收货人(consignee) • 被通知人(Notify party)--- 一般为货物的进口人或其代理 • 前程运输precarriage • 船名name of vessel, voyage and nationality • 收货地、起运港、卸货港、目的的place of receipt or port of loading, port of discharge or final destination • 转运港:Copenhagen W/T at Hongkong • 唛头和货物描述shipping marks and description of goods • 正本份数bill of lading number • 提单签发地和日期place and date of issue • 承运人及签署signature of the carrier or its agent • 运费条款freight charges
只要提单注明了L/C规定的装货港及卸货港,即便注明的收货地(Place of Receipt)或货物接管地(Place of Taking in Charge)不同于装货港、最终目的地(Final Destination)不同于卸货港,这种提单还是可接受的。 装船批注还必须包括信用证规定的装运港和实际装货的船名,即使已装货船只的名称与提单注明的船只名称一致,也是如此。 例1:L/C规定装货港为上海,卸货港为新加坡。 B/L可以作成:PORT OF RECEIPT(货物接管地):CHANGZHOU PRECARRIAGE BY TRUCK PORT OF LOADING(装货港):SHANGHAI PORT OF DISCHARGE(卸货港):SINGAPORE 装船批注:SHIPPED ON BOARD 26 JULY 02 PORT OF LOADING:SHANGHAI VESSEL NAME:GREAT WALL V203
练习: • L/C规定装货港为欧洲港口。在实际操作中,货物于斯德哥尔摩装于支线船只Jessica,运往鹿特丹,然后装于远洋船只Ocean Duke,再运往目的地。当以鹿特丹为装货港,收货地(斯德哥尔摩)不同于装货港(鹿特丹),此时,装船批注应如何标注? • L/C规定装货港为宜昌,卸货港为新加坡。由于船舶吃水太深不能驶入,不得不在上海装船,上海成了货物接管地。 受益人提交的提单显示:Port of receipt:Yichang Precarriage by truck Port of loading:Shanghai Port of discharge:Singapore 这种提单是否可以接受?
装运日期:Shipment date(装运日)与Issuing date(提单签发日)的关系 • 货描、运费与L/C一致,唛头、数量、重量等与其他单据一致,货描可以采用与L/C规定不矛盾的统称,并且是清洁提单。 • 除非L/C另有规定,必须提交全套正本B/L • 分批装运 例2: 某出口商向欧洲出口食品,货源分散在天津、山东、 上海等几个地方。为了就近装运节省费用,他可能在天津装一部分,船经过青岛港后再装另一部分,船到达上海港最后装运信用证规定的全部余下货物。在这种情况下,签发了不止一套提单,签发者也可能不是一家公司,签发日期有先有后,如果信用证禁止分批装运,这些提单是否构成不符点? 同一船,同一航程,同一目的地,即使多个装货港,多套单据也不构成分批装运,前提是L/C中没有指定具体装运港,而是规定为中国港口
某信用证规定:禁止分批装运。 受益人将货物从宁波先后用两条船装运,后在深圳合装同一船运往菲律宾,开证行提出货物已分批装运的不符点,这个不符点是否成立? 某信用证规定:Shipment must be effected in two lots,one in Jun and the other in July(货物在6、7月份分两次装运),受益人于6月底7月初分两批把货物装到同一条船上,取得两份提单,分别为6月30日及7月1日签发,注明同一目的地。开证行提出不符点:没有按照信用证的规定进行分批装运。这个不符点是否成立?
转运 :在信用证规定的装运港和卸货港之间的海运过程中,将货物从一船卸下装上上另一船。 某信用证要求:Ocean Bills of lading Shipment from any Chinese port to Singapore Transhipment not allowed 受益人提交的提单显示: Place of receipt:Beijing Precarriage:By truck Port of loading:Xingang Vessel:Great Wall Port of discharge:Singapore 该提单是否符合信用证的不可转运的要求? 某信用证要求:Ocean Bills of lading Shipment from Shanghai to NewYork Transhipment allowed 受益人提交的提单显示:Port of loading: Shanghai Port of discharge:Sanfrancisco Final destination:NewYork 该提单是否存在不符点?
分期装运(Instalment Shipments) 分期装运指规定的不同时期内分别装运若干货物。 信用证对分期装运的限制 where a credit includes a shipping schedule and an installment is not shipped within the stipulated period, it ceases to be available for that and other installments. • 运费与额外费用 • 不得注明仅以风帆为动力的批注或货装舱面的批注
Multi-modal transport document (一)国际多式联运 定义: 特点:1、由多式联运经营人全程负责,如NVOCC; 2、有多式联运合同; 3、至少两种不同运输方式的综合使用; 4、国际间的货物运输; 5、使用全程多式联运单据; 6、实行全程单一的运输费率 责任专属,手续简便;减少中间环节,缩短运输时间,降低货损,节约运输成本。 (二)多式联运单据
Other shipping documents • 海运单(non-negotiable seaway bill) not negotiable;not a title document;the goods be released to the named consignee against identification • 空运单 • 公路、铁路和内河运输单据 • 专递和邮政收据 • 电子单据
自卸式散装船 它用于装载散装货物,如煤、矿沙、粮谷等
散货船 本船为单桨低速柴油机驱动的散货船,可装运煤、谷物、磷矿石,以及甲板货,具有良好的浅水操纵性能,适应浅水航道,也可远洋航运。
冷藏运输船 主要用途为海上收鲜、 冰鲜运输及对被收鲜的生产渔船补充淡水
原油船 30万载重吨原油轮
货舱多用途船 本船为单桨、柴油机驱动、单甲板箱型货舱多用途船。可装载集装箱、干货和散货,无货物装卸设备。
Commercial invoice • Core document • Detailed description of the goods and price list showing the fulfillment of the transaction by exporter • Accounting and bookkeeping document • Be used for customs clearance and replacing the drafts in case no drafts are required
Contents • Name and address of seller • Invoice number • Date of issue and order or contract number • Name and address of buyer • Contents of the transaction: quantity and description of the goods • terms of delivery and payment • price,charges,invoice amount and currency • shipping details
MARKS & NO DESCRIPTIONS OF GODDS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT CIF TOKYO USD 10.00 ABC S/C NO.T1002 TOKYO C/N.1/20 Adjustable Spanner USD 10000.00 1000 SET SHANGHAI TIANYE TOOLS MANUFACTURE CO., LTD. GANXIANG TOWN, JINSHANG DISTRICT, SHANGHAI, CHINA TEL: 0086-21-65756125 INV.NO.:TM00792 FAX: 0086-21-65756155 DATE: AUG.15,2004 S/C NO.: T1002 COMMERCIAL INVOICE • TO: ABC TRADING CO., • 100-228-MACHI,TOKYO,JAPAN • FROM SHANGHAI TO TOKYO • TOTAL AMOUNT:SAY U.S.DOLLARS TEN THOUSANDS ONLY • WE HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE ABOVE MENTIONED • GOODS ARE OF CHINESE ORIGIN • SHANGHAI TIANYE TOOLS MANUFACTURE CO., LTD. • 田英华
缮制发票应注意的问题 • 抬头人和地址应与开证申请人及地址一致,开立人与信用证受益人一致,若信用证另有规定除外; 如信用证规定抬头同时显示银行和进口商,则应表示为 TO *** BANK FOR ACCOUNT OF *** CO. • 如信用证规定加列船名、原产地、生产企业的名称、进口许可证号码等,可照办; • 唛头、货物名称和描述与信用证一致; • 发票总值不得超过信用证金额,有关佣金和折扣则按信用证规定注明; 如来证要求:drafts to be drawn for full CIF value less c5, invoice to show full CIF value. • 短溢装的规定;
其他种类的发票 • 海关发票(Customs Invoice) 估价完税;审查原产地征收差别关税;据以征收反倾销税(详列价格构成);编制海关统计资料 • 形式发票(Proforma Invoice) • 领事发票(Consular Invoice) 代替产地证,征收差别关税;证实商品出口价格 • 厂商发票(Manufacturer’s Invoice)
Insurance documents • 保险合同的证明,也是货物出险后投保人索赔的依据,同时是一种权利凭证,可背书转让。 • 种类: • 保险单(Insurance Policy) • 联合保险凭证(Combined Insurance Certificate) • 预保单(Open Policy/Open Cover) • 保险证明(Insurance certificate) • 暂保单(Cover Note)
Contents of an insurance policy • The name of insurer and the insured • Shipping marks and description of goods • The sum insured • Insurance premium • Transport vehicle, port of loading and discharge • Insurance clause and risk insured against • Surveyor • Place of payment • Date and place of issuing • Signature of the insurer
Insurance policy required by a L/C • be issued by insurance companies or their agents; • Cover the risks specified in the documentary credit; • If issued in more than one original, it is presented all the originals; • Indication that the coverage is effective at the latest from the date of loading of the goods on board; • The insurance currency should be consistent with the currency of the documentary credit; • Specifies coverage for at least 110%percent of CIF or CIP ,or the amount of payment,acceptance or negotiation, or the gross amount of the commercial invoice; • Regulation on I.O.P.
Certificate of origin • Indicating the country of origin of goods • 作用: • 进口国实行国别贸易政策的通关证件; • 进口国给予关税优惠的进口计税证明; • 出口国享受配额待遇的通关凭证 • 种类: • 非官方出具的产地证; • 贸促会(CCPIT)产地证; • 普惠制(G.S.P)产地证:可凭以享受关税优惠的产地证,是给惠国进口计税的依据,和受惠国享受普惠制优惠和通关证明。
原产地规则要求 • 原产地标准 • 运输条件 • 证件要求: 普惠制产地证:由联合国贸发委员会规定统一格式FORM A,其具体签发机构由受惠国政府指定,并在联合国备案登记。我国由出入境检验检疫局出具。 新西兰使用其海关法票 澳大利亚则在发票上加注证实文句
Inspection certificate • A statement issued and signed by the appropriate authority, evidencing that the goods were inspected and the results of such inspection. • Issuer: governmental organization such as CIQ and CCIC in China, a non-governmental organization, a manufacturer, the user or importer of the goods, exporter, etc. • Types: quality, quantity, weight,value, origin, health, disinfection, temperature, fumigation, etc. • Date of issue: better not later than the shipment date.
包装单据 • 包装单据的作用 • 提供货物包装的详细情况 • 满足进口国海关的验货和清关需要 • 便于进口商核对货物的品种、花色、规格 • 包装单据的内容 进口商或收货人名称和地址、发票号、合同号、包装单据号码、出单日期、唛头、商品名称、包装规格、每件包装的毛、净重或商品数量、总包装件数和重量 • DETAILED PACKING LIST的理解
G.W(KGS) N.W(KGS) MEAS. (CBM) GOODS OFDESCRIPTIONS QTY(PCS) CTNS Adjustable Spanner Packed in 1 carton 50 set each. 1000sets 20ctns @10kgs @8kgs @0.4cbm TOTAL: 1000sets 20ctns 200kgs 160kgs 8cbm • 包装单据 • SHANGHAI TIANYE TOOLS MANUFACTURE CO., LTD. • GANXIANG TOWN, JINSHANG DISTRICT, SHANGHAI, CHINA • TEL: 0086-21-65756125 INV.NO.:TM00792 • FAX: 0086-21-65756155 DATE:AUG.15,2004 • P/I NO.: T1002 • PACKING LIST • SHIPPING MARK: • ABC • S/C NO.T1002 • TOKYO • C/N.1/20 • Shanghai Tianye Tools Manufacture Co.Ltd. • 田英华
其他证明文件 • 与运输有关的证明 • 装运通知 • 船龄证明 • 船籍证明 • 船级证明 • 航行路线证明 • 受益人证明