Lab 03 Literature Search

1. Lab 03 Literature Search

2. Objective To learn about how to research and write a scholarly scientific paper.

3. Activity • To learn about scientific papers and formatting. • Literature sources • Citations • Define a research topic • Retrieve 3 references • Write a short overview

4. Types of Research Papers • scientific review papers (library research papers) • experimental research papers

5. Scientific Review Paper Format • Abstract • Introduction • Discussion • Literature Cited

6. Experimental Scientific Research Paper Format • Abstract • Introduction • Material & Methods • Results • Discussion • Literature Cited

7. Style and Format of Writing • Write in past tense and use third person voice in describing what took place. • The style should be concise, objective, impersonal, and impassionate. • It should also be organized and logical in presentation. • Sentences should be simple, direct, and grammatically correct. • Proper letter case and punctuation should be used. • Authors should use a standard font and font size in double-spaced lines. • Provide a clear descriptive title for the paper.

8. Presenting Tables and Figures Figure 2. Weight-length relationships of koahaole, Leucaenaleucocephala, seed pods. Figure 1. Frequency histogram of number of seeds per pod for koahaole, Leucaenaleucocephala, seed pods.

9. Descriptive Title • Describes the nature of the topic investigated. • A good title tells the reader what the paper is all about.

10. Citing Literature Sources Brown tree snakes have caused the extinction of many forest bird species on Guam (Savidge, 1987). They are also responsible for hundreds of power outages (Fritts et al., 1987), losses of domestic and pet animals (Fritts and McCoid, 1993), envenomation of human babies (Fritts et al., 1990) and the extirpation of native bats and lizard populations (Wiles, 1987; Fritts, 1988). According to Rodda et al. (1992), there is an immediate need to control brown tree snake populations.

11. Types of Literature Sources • SCHOLARLY LITERATURE • primary literature • Professional or technical journal, symposiums, conferences… • secondary literature • Reviews, summarizes and analyzes the primary literature • Tertiary literature • Collection of info from primary and secondary sources • Encyclopedias, bibliographies, handbooks…

12. The Bibliography or Literature Cited Section For a Journal: Author's last name, initial (s) (list additional authors the same way], date; title of article, Journal/magazine name, volume # or month, p. Fritts, T.H. 1988. The brown tree snake, Boigairregularis, a threat to Pacific islands. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Biol. Rep. 88:23-25. Rodda, G.H., T.H. Fritts and P.J. Conry. 1992. Origin and population growth of the brown tree snake, Boigairregularis, on Guam. Pacific Science 46:46-57.

13. The Bibliography or Literature Cited Section For a book: Author's last name, initial (s) [list additional authors the same way], date: title of book: edition number (only if there is more than one edition), volume # (if it is a set of multiple volumes), publisher, city of publisher, total number of pages in the book (only for the volume you used, should there be more than one volume). Stevens, R.L. 1953. Guam, U.S.A., birth of a territory. Tong Publishing Co., Honolulu, 235 pp.

14. The Bibliography or Literature Cited Section For an edited book of papers: Author's last name, initial (s) [list additional' authors the same way , date; title of article: in: title of book, editor (s) name (s), Editor (s): volume # [if there is one], p. xx-v-x [pages of the article within the book, not the total number of pages in the book]. Wilkinson, C.P. 1992. Coral reefs of the world are facing widespread devastion: can we prevent this through sustainable management practices? Proc. 7th International Coral Reef Symposium 1:11-21. Krupp, D.A., and J. Blanck. 1995. Preliminary report on the occurrence of mycosporine-like amino acids in the eggs of the Hawaiian scleractinian corals Montiporaverrucosa and Fungiascutaria. In Gulko, D., and P.L. Jokiel (eds.) Ultraviolet radiation and coral reefs. UH SOEST HIMB Technical Report 41:129-134. Arrange the references in alphabetical order according to the first author’s last name.

15. Procedures and Assignment • I. IDENTIFY A RESEARCH TOPIC • Identify a research topic about which you wish to study. This topic could either be a scientific review paper or an experimental research paper (harder to do!). This topic must be biological in nature. • Write a short summary of the topic and why you are interested in it. • Provide a descriptive title for this topic.

16. II. RETRIEVE THREE PRIMARY LITERATURE SOURCES • Use the Internet to retrieve at least three literature sources (from the primary literature) relevant to your topic. • Provide the bibliographic details for these sources. • Print out "hard copies" of the abstracts for these sources.

17. Summary of Assignment to be Turned In 1. Descriptive title for assignment. 2. Descriptive title of the research topic. 3. Brief description of the topic including an explanation why it is of interest to you. 4. List the full bibliographic details for three literature sources, relevant to your topic, from the primary literature. 5. Print out of the abstracts from these literature sources and attach them to your assignment.