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SPECIAL SENSES

animals.nationalgeographic.com. http://www.flickr.com/photos/klimari1/3739710668/. http://desktopwallpaper-s.com/12-3D-Art/-/Sound/. carlsafina.org. randommealoftheday.blogspot.com. SPECIAL SENSES. Chapter 17. 5 Special Senses. Olfaction Gustation Vision Equilibrium Hearing.

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SPECIAL SENSES

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  1. animals.nationalgeographic.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/klimari1/3739710668/ http://desktopwallpaper-s.com/12-3D-Art/-/Sound/ carlsafina.org randommealoftheday.blogspot.com SPECIAL SENSES • Chapter 17

  2. 5 Special Senses • Olfaction • Gustation • Vision • Equilibrium • Hearing

  3. CHEMICAL SENSES • Olfaction & Gustation

  4. OLFACTION • Nasal concha • Olfactory epithelium • Olfactory receptor cells • Olfactory Pathways

  5. OLFACTORY RECEPTORs

  6. GUSTATION • Lingual papillae • filiform, fungiform, circumvallate • Taste Receptors • Basal cells • Gustatory cells • Taste pore

  7. GUSTATORY RECEPTORS

  8. GUSTATORY DISCRIMINATION • Sweet • Salty • Sour • Bitter • Umami • Water • Calcium

  9. Vision

  10. Vision • Lacrimal gland produces tears: • Water & lysozyme • Tears combine with oil from tarsal gland

  11. Vision • Three Tunics (Layers) • Fibrous • Vascular • Sensory

  12. VISION • Lens • fibrous capsule • suspensory ligaments • crystallin protein • Accommodation http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1568/1250.abstract

  13. VISUAL PHYSIOLOGY • Photoreceptors detect photons within visible light spectrum • Rods are used in dim light • peripheral and night vision • Cones are use in bright light • Sharp and color vision

  14. RODS & CONES • Discs • Rhodopsin=Opsin+Retinal • Dark adaptation • Light adaptation

  15. COLOR BLINDNESS • Non-functional cones • Protanope • Deuteranope • Tritanope • http://colorvisiontesting.com/what%20colorblind%20people%20see.htm

  16. PHOTORECEPTION

  17. PHOTORECEPTION

  18. RETINAL PROCESSING • Ganglion cells are diverse • M cells • On-center neurons • Off-center neurons • P cells • Horizontal cells • Amacrine cells

  19. VISUAL PATHWAYS

  20. HEARING & EQUILIBRIUM

  21. EAR ANATOMY

  22. INNER EAR • Three chambers • Scala tympani • Scala vestibuli • Scala media (cochlear duct) • Spiral organ of corti

  23. SOUND • Measured in wavelengths • Frequency or cycles • Hertz=cycles per second • Pitch • Amplitude • Decibels=sound energy

  24. HEARING PROCESS

  25. AUDITORY PATHWAYS

  26. EQUILIBRIUM • Static equilibrium • Saccule & utricle • Dynamic equilibrium • Semicircular ducts (canals)

  27. SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS

  28. UTRICLE & SACULE

  29. EQUILIBRIUM PATHWAYS

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