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Specialized Diets In-Service Presentation

Specialized Diets In-Service Presentation. MUSC Dietetic Interns 2011. Renal Diet. At MUSC a renal diet is ordered for patients with kidney failure. The kidneys play an important role in body function: Filtering the blood Removing waste products Balancing electrolytes - Sodium and Potassium

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Specialized Diets In-Service Presentation

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  1. Specialized DietsIn-Service Presentation MUSC Dietetic Interns 2011

  2. Renal Diet • At MUSC a renal diet is ordered for patients with kidney failure. • The kidneys play an important role in body function: • Filtering the blood • Removing waste products • Balancing electrolytes - Sodium and Potassium • Fluid balance

  3. Renal Diet • At MUSC renal diet patients are limited to: • 2000mg Sodium • 2000mg Potassium • 1200mg Phosphorus • Protein intake is monitored and/or restricted on an individual basis.

  4. High Potassium Foods to Avoid Fruits: Vegetables:

  5. Foods to Limit Milk: Dairy: Protein:

  6. Foods to Enjoy Low Protein: Low Sodium: Low Potassium: Low Phosphorus:

  7. Soaking Potatoes A special process called “leaching” or soaking helps remove the potassium from potatoes. This can be done at MUSC giving renal patients more food choices.

  8. Renal Sample Diet • Dinner 2oz grilled pork chop ½ cup rice ½ cup green beans with onion and basil ½ cup applesauce Dinner Roll 1 cup water with lemon

  9. Low Sodium Diet • At MUSC low sodium diets are given to those who have hypertension (high blood pressure), cardiac, liver or renal disease. • Sodium raises blood pressure. • Low Sodium Diet = 2 grams sodium/day. • Each meal can exceed the sodium limit by 100 mg.

  10. Why Low Sodium? • Sodium raises blood pressure. • If untreated, high blood pressure will eventually damage the heart, causing: • Stroke • Heart attack • Heart failure

  11. Foods to Limit • Sodium is typically higher in processed and convenience foods, such as: • Ham, bacon, sausage, and other deli-style meats • Canned vegetables • At MUSC low sodium diets do not allow: • Ham, Bacon, or Sausage • Soups (except reduced sodium chicken noodle) • Stir-Fry

  12. Low sodium diets do not allow salt packets to be added to a meal. If patients complain about their “food with no flavor,” suggest spicing it up with: Mrs. Dash Pepper Lettuce Tomatoes Mustard Green Peppers Onions Foods to Limit Continued…

  13. Breakfast: Veggie Omelet Wheat Toast Fruit Juice Coffee with Sugar and Creamer Low Sodium Diet Example

  14. Carbohydrate Counting

  15. Type 1 Diabetes • What is it? • Insulin not produced in pancreas • Must supplement with insulin • Who is at risk? • Only 5% of the population • Mostly children and young adults • Genetics and environment

  16. Type 2 Diabetes • What is it? • Increased at risk cultures: African Americans, Native Americans, Latino • Can have insulin resistance OR insulin shortage • Insulin helps to absorb glucose, so lack of it can lead to diabetic complications.

  17. Carbohydrate Counting Diet • Carbs in food raise blood sugar levels. • Level I, II, III • Limits fat, cholesterol, and salt intake • Consuming a consistent level of carbohydrates avoids spikes in blood sugar!

  18. Foods to Monitor • Breads • Fruits/Starchy Vegetables • Dairy • Sweets

  19. Foods to Enjoy • Non-Starchy Vegetables • Low Fat Cheeses • Eggs/Lean Meats • Dairy with No Added Sugar

  20. Sample Meal – Level II • Lunch – 75 grams of carbohydrates • 1 cup vegetable soup with 4-6 crackers • 1 turkey sandwich (2 slices whole wheat bread, 1 oz turkey, 1 oz low fat cheese, 1 tsp mayo) • 1 small apple

  21. Gluten-Free Diet

  22. What is Gluten? • Gluten is protein found in: • Wheat • Rye • Barley • Oats • Gluten can severely damage the intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients in those with gluten sensitivity.

  23. Foods to Avoid • Wheat Products (Flour) • Breads, Wraps, Pancakes, Waffles, Cookies, Cereals, etc. • Oatmeal • Processed Meats • Sausage, Deli Meats • Breaded meats • Oven Fried Chicken, Meatloaf • Pasta • French Fries • Soy Sauce

  24. Foods to Enjoy • Corn • Baked Potatoes • Soaked Potatoes • Rice • Meat • Marinated Chicken Breast, BBQ Chicken, Baked Fish, BBQ Pork, Hamburger Patty • Fruit • Vegetables • Milk and Milk Products

  25. Gluten-Free Sample Meals • Breakfast: • Rice Krispies with skim milk, fresh fruit cup, eggs, yogurt • Lunch • Hamburger patty with ketchup, tossed salad with oil and vinegar, baked potato with margarine and sour cream, sherbet • Dinner • Baked fish with green beans, corn, tossed salad with oil & vinegar dressing, pudding

  26. Cross-Contamination • Store gluten-free foods separately from foods that contain gluten. • Separate cooking equipment • Pans, pots, plates, etc. • Personal containers for condiments • Peanut butter, mayonnaise, mustard, etc. • Prepare gluten-free foods in a separate area from foods that contain gluten. • OR sanitize kitchen areas

  27. Toddler Diet – For Ages 12 months to 3 years • Balanced Meals for Healthy Children • Fruits and Vegetables • Small Portions and Finger Foods

  28. Toddler Diet - Reasoning • Little mouths need little bites – prevent choking. • Children may not be able to use utensils.

  29. Foods to Avoid • Skim Milk • Salad • Tater Tots • Junk Food or • Sugary Foods • Food that has not been cut up • Hot Dogs • Grapes • Big Sandwiches

  30. Diet Jeopardy

  31. Thank You!

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