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Unlocking the Power of 3D: Insights and Applications

This research explores the effectiveness of 3D technology in various fields like medical visualization, information visualization, and communication networks. It delves into design strategies, user satisfaction measurement, and the impact of different input/output devices on user performance. By examining the benefits and drawbacks of 3D interfaces, the study offers valuable insights for designers and users alike.

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Unlocking the Power of 3D: Insights and Applications

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  1. 3D or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002

  2. Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of MarylandWeb3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002 3D or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work?

  3. or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work?Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of MarylandWeb3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002 3D

  4. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

  5. Scientific Approach(beyond user friendly) • Specify users and tasks • Predict and measure • time to learn • speed of performance • rate of human errors • human retention over time • Assess subjective satisfaction(Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) • Accommodate individual differences • Consider social, organizational & cultural context

  6. Design Issues • Input devices & strategies • Keyboards, pointing devices, voice • Direct manipulation • Menus, forms, commands • Output devices & formats • Screens, windows, color, sound • Text, tables, graphics • Instructions, messages, help • Collaboration & communities • Manuals, tutorials, training www.awl.com/DTUI usableweb.com useit.com

  7. Library of Congress • Scholars, Journalists, Citizens • Teachers, Students

  8. Visible Human Explorer (NLM) • Doctors • Surgeons • Researchers • Students

  9. NASA Environmental Data • Scientists • Farmers • Land planners • Students

  10. Bureau of Census • Economists, Policy makers, Journalists • Teachers, Students

  11. Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think • Visual bandwidth is enormous • Human perceptual skills are remarkable • Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... • Color, size, shape, proximity... • Human image storage is fast and vast • Opportunities • Spatial layouts & coordination • Information visualization • Scientific visualization & simulation • Telepresence & augmented reality • Virtual environments

  12. www.spotfire.com

  13. www.spotfire.com

  14. Fisheye views and Zooming User Interfaces • Distortion to magnify areas of interest User-control, zoom factors of 3-5 • Multi-scale spaces Zoom in/out & Pan left/right • Smooth zooming • Semantic zoominghttp://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz/

  15. GlassEye (see Hochheiser paper in www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

  16. Spectrum of 3-D Visualizations • Immersive Virtual Environment with head-mounted stereo display and head tracking • Desktop 3-D for 3-D worlds • medical, architectural, scientific visualizations, games • Desktop 3-D for artificial worlds • Bookhouse, file-cabinets, shopping malls • Desktop 3-D for information visualization • cone/cam trees, perspective wall, web-book • SGI directories, Visible Decisions, Media Lab landscapes • XGobi scatterplots, Themescape, Visage • Chartjunk 3-D: barcharts, piecharts, histograms

  17. Medical & Scientific Visualizations • Electronic Visualization LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago http://www.evl.uic.edu/ • Volume Visualization for Medical SUNY – Stony Brook http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~vislab/

  18. Commercial Visualizations

  19. Information & Entertainment • 3D Home pages, chat rooms www.ActiveWorlds.com • IPIX 3D room tourswww.ipix.com

  20. Are these good uses of 3D?

  21. Communication networks www.netviz.com

  22. Network Connection & Performance J.A. Brown, McGregor A.J and H-W Braun.

  23. Planar graph with towers Chaomei Chen

  24. www.cognos.com

  25. www.visualinsights.com

  26. Perspective wall (Xerox PARC) Mackinlay et al, CHI91

  27. ConeTree Xerox Park

  28. Hyperbolic trees • Visually appealing • Space limited • 2-level lookahead • Easy affordances • -Hard to scan • -Poor screen usage • -Too volatile Lamping et al. CHI 95

  29. Treemap - view large trees with node values • Space filling • Space limited • Color coding • Size coding • Requires learning TreeViz (Mac, Johnson, 1992) NBA-Tree(Sun, Turo, 1993) Winsurfer (Teittinen, 1996) Diskmapper (Windows, Micrologic) Treemap97 (Windows, UMd) Treemap 3.0 (Java, UMd) (Shneiderman, see www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemaps)

  30. Treemap - Stock market, clustered by industry see www.smartmoney.com

  31. Treemap - Stock market – 3D view

  32. WebBook

  33. WebBook-WebForager Card, Robertson, George and York, CHI 96

  34. Starlight Battelle – Pacific Northwest National Lab

  35. Themescape Wise et al., 1995 - see also www.omniviz.com

  36. Mineset

  37. IBM Research: 3D Objects & Ecological Design 3-D objects & ecological setting speed performance by 10-20% Ark, Dryer, Selker & Zhai British HCI 1998 0

  38. IBM Research: RealThings Familiar 3-D objects replace form-fillin www-3.ibm.com/ibm/easy/eou_ext.nsf/Publish/581 www.otal.umd.edu/SHORE99/daveyg/

  39. Microsoft: Data Mountain 3-D perspective & size changes cause no significant slowdown and users like them Cockburn & McKenzie, ACM CHI2001

  40. Microsoft: Task Gallery http://research.microsoft.com/ui/TaskGallery/

  41. Chalmers Univ: 3D Workspace Manager http://www.3dwm.org/

  42. Clockwise3d http://www.clockwise3d.com/

  43. Clockwise3d vs. Windows Explorer UMd Student Team Project -12 subjects -12 tasks Fewer clicks is faster www.otal.umd.edu/SHORE2001/winDesktop/

  44. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory 19th Annual Symposium May 30-31, 2002 www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

  45. For More Information • Visit the HCIL website for 200 papers & info on videos(www.cs.umd.edu/hcil) • See Chapter 15 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Third Edition (1998) (www.aw.com/DTUI) • January 1999 book of readings: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B.Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think

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