Joint Battle Management, Command & Control: Path to Interoperability

1. Joint Battle Management, Command & Control: Path to Interoperability Lieutenant General Robert W. Wagner Deputy Commander United States Joint Forces Command

2. “ As the battlefield becomes increasingly complex, the transformation of our nation’s military is dependent upon joint operations with assured interoperability and connectivity down to the tactical level.” SECDEF Memo on Interoperability and Connectivity, November 2003

3. Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Deconflict Service Forces

4. Deconflict Service Forces Army Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams

5. Deconflict Service Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Army Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Navy Forces SOF Marine Forces Navy Forces Transforming the Joint Force Integration of Service Capabilities

6. Interdependent Coherently Joint Collaborative Coordination Effects-Based Network Centric Interagency-Multinational Deconflict Service Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Army Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Interagency Marine Forces Marine Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Navy Forces Navy Forces SOF SOF SOF Multinational A Full Spectrum capabilities-based joint force Transforming the Joint Force Integration of Service Capabilities

7. Conventional AIR GROUND I I I x x x x x x Marine Expeditionary Corps Force (MEF) x x x Massed Forces Deconflicted Linearly – Sequential Attrition warfare Military to Military Independent

8. Massed Forces Massed effects Deconflicted Integrated Interdependent Linearly – Sequential Simultaneous depth of space Attrition warfare Rapid start/stop Military to Military All elements of national power Independent Networked

9. The Growing Gap Data Transmitted Data Analyzed

10. Closing the Gap Current Time Research Analysis Production

11. Future Closing the Gap Current • Decrease Development Time • Increase Analytical Rigor Time Research Analysis Production Networked / Collaborative

12. Networked EUCOM 66th MI OPERATIONS SOCOM GTMO SOJICC CITF BA 205th MI JFCOM JFIC 501st MI JITF-CT Ft Gordon & Camp Doha J9 NGIC CENTCOM JWAC CIA HQ INSCOM INTELLIGENCE STRATCOM 513th MI CENTCOM DARPA NSA VPN 902nd MI Meade 704th MI Meade POLICY CI CIFA • Communities of Interest • Instant Chat • Knowledge Informed / Enabled • First hand transmission • Rapid Decision Making The Meeting Chain • Linear down • Linear back • Limited cross talk • Partial transmission • Slow

13. A Notional ISR Picture Or is it? • Is it: • One picture or many? • Possible coverage • or actual coverage? • Is it linked and real time? • What does it tell the Commander?

14. Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) • Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions? • Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes? • If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty • How do we train to support the fluid fight? • When conducting “effects based operations” what is “effects based BDA” • Is it automated? Federated? Networked? • Is it lethal and non-lethal • Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons?

15. Battle Effectiveness AssessmentBattle Damage Assessment (BDA) • Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions? • Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes? • If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty • How do we train to support the fluid fight? • When conducting “effects based operations” what is “effects based BDA” • Is it automated? Federated? Networked? • Is it lethal and non-lethal • Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons? Informing the next step – Real Time – All Source

16. Blue Force TrackingBrigade and Above Migration to Interoperability Army and Marine Corps bde/regt can be seamlessly cross- attached INTSUM / OPSUM Logistics Information NBC Warnings & Reports TBMD and Air Defense Warnings CCIRs Obstacle Information Combat Power Air Tracks Plans and Orders Commander Sitreps ATO / ACO Air Coordination Measures Fires (Targets, FSCMs, Overlays – Battlefield Geometries & Control Measures Plans and Orders Commander Sitreps Red Picture (Correlated and SPOT Reports) Blue SA (Air/Ground at platform/unit levels) Army Bde can Operate Adjacent To Marine Corps Regiment Army Bde can work directly for JTF JTCW pursuitof NR KPP Key C2/SA Interoperability Metrics Systems improving interoperability now simultaneously to converging USA MCS 6.3.2 MCS 6.3.D MCS 6.4 MCS 6.4 JTCW 7.0 USMC C2PC5.8 C2PC 5.9 C2PC 6.0 C2PC 6.1 Sep 03 Mar 04 Mar 05 Mar 06 Mar 07

17. Speed Kills • Enemy Situation • Friendly Capabilities • Weapons • Command and Control • Coalition and Interagency

18. Speed Kills • Enemy Situation • Friendly Capabilities • Weapons • Command and Control • Coalition and Interagency Early Networked Situational Awareness Dramatically Increases Response Options Decide – Act - Adapt

19. Joint BMC2 Context Joint C2 Joint ISR Joint Fires Interagency Coalition Joint Battle Management Command and Control spans the continuum of Joint C2, Joint Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), Joint Fires, Interagency, and Coalition

20. Net-Centric Operations • An information superiority concept of operations • Effects Based Operations • Coherently Joint • Fully Networked Decision makers, Shooters, Sensors and Systems • Shared Real Time Situational Awareness • Increased Speed of Command • Information/Knowledge Superiority • Supports Synchronized Non-contiguous Operations Enabling Decision Superiority - - but more so Decide, Act, Adapt

21. Knowledge Centric Thinking Differently Coherently Joint Effects Based Fully Networked Transforming How We Think and Operate Legacy systems will not meet this challenge! Enabling Networked Operations

22. FY 06 FY 05 FY 04 Joint Prototype Path Millennium Challenge Operational Lessons Learned Include our Combatant Commands, Services, Defense Agencies and Multinational partners; collaborate in experimentation activities Joint Concept Development Path FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Strategy (FY 04-05) • Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations • Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars • Field the Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) – including the enabling concepts for developing transformational joint command and control • Deliver rapid, prototyping of capabilities to improve joint warfighting now FY 01 Unified Vision • Provide actionable recommendations from experimentation results to senior leaders to inform options for future force investments • Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations • Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars

23. Deconflict Service Forces Delivering Innovation OEF/OIF Integration of Service Capabilities Desert Storm Stitch Service Seams WWII Effects-based, Collaborative & Network Centric Future

24. MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE DECISION 912 HIGHLIGHTS • Expands USJFCOM responsibility for: • Strengthening Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2) capabilities • Leading Combatant Commanders in development of joint doctrine, concepts, mission/capability requirements for Joint BMC2 • Coordinating JBMC2 capabilities for joint integration and interoperability with the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) • Direct oversight and directive authorities for selected DoD programs and initiatives

25. What the Warfighter Needs • An integrated, interoperable, and networked joint force: • that will insure common shared situational awareness • that will allow fused, precise and actionable intelligence • that will support coherent distributed and dispersed operations, including forced entry into anti-access or area-denial environments • that will ensure decision superiority enabling more agile, more lethal, and survivable joint operations

26. Transformation Leaders in JBMC2 • Standing Joint Force Headquarters • Collaborative Information Environments • Deployable Joint Command and Control • Netted Joint Forces • Integrated Joint Fires • Joint National Training Capability (JNTC) • Advanced Concepts • Effects Based Operations (EBO), • Operational Net Assessment (ONA) • Etc.

27. Attacking the Problem on Two Fronts • #1 – Improve interoperability to the tactical level: JBMC2 Roadmap(to include necking-down BMC2 apps) Make interoperable T O D A Y Applications & Data 2008 Neck-down systems # 2 – Global Information Grid (GIG) / Net-centric Vision

28. Original GIG envisioned as overarching top down (CIO driven) architecture New GIG focused on Net-Centric standards and related policy Achieving Net-Centric “Operations” Functional Capability Balance Policy Governance Architectures Standards Networks • Critical NII/ Net-Centric Checklist • Need database harmonization • Need Information Assurance • For near term make JBMC2 operationally interoperable (FIOP – SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP…) • For future leverage NCES for most all functions (applications), but allow for real-time organic warfighter applications • Bandwidth Expansion (NII Lead) • Must be Joint Warfighter Driven, (JFCOM and Joint Staff – JCIDS/FCBs process) • AT&L lead for System Views • NII lead for Technical Views (standards) • JTA 6.0 In Place & Evolving • DAB • JROC • CIO Board • MID 912

29. 130 Core BMC2 Total FIOP Logistics +11 Mission Critical ISR +87 JI&I DOTMLPF (~ 30) GCCS SIAP SOFP SIGP SISP SIMP Mission Critical Support Communications +132 Magnitude of the JBMC2 Roadmap System Challenge “Making JBMC2 Interoperable by 2008” (Total Mission Critical to phase out or make interoperable–360)

30. Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2) Management Structure REQUIREMENTS AQUISITION Bridge between JBMC2 capability requirements development and systems engineering needs/ /programmatic decision support OSD (AT&L, NII & JS) Strategy & Oversight SECDEF USJFCOM “Top-Level” Tradeoffs and Leadership Across Joint Mission Threads JROC (JCIDS) USJFCOM (MID 912) Coordination JBMC2 Engineering Team (Service Lead FIOP (USAF)) “Day-to-Day” Systems Engineering /Picture Integration (FIOP, SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP) JBMC2 BOD JCB/FCBs Coordination Service participation in JBMC2 Requirements Service implementation of JBMC2 Engineering USAF Army USMC Navy Army USMC Navy USAF Air Force Air Force

31. …Next Steps • JBMC2 Roadmap - a living document • Conduct “JBMC2 Capability DAB” • Conduct Net Centric Program Reviews using the Net Centric Checklist • Ensure Services and Agencies implement Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM and in Programs

32. Army Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Interagency Continuum of Transformation Marine Forces Marine Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Navy Forces Navy Forces SOF SOF SOF Multinational Joint Context, JTFs & SJFHQ Service Context and Organizations JNTC Service Training Transformation Kill Box/ETACS FSCL Organic Fires Joint Fires/JTAC Service Lessons Learned JLL JBMC2, CIE Service Command & Control Transforming the Joint Force Integration of Service Capabilities Interdependent Coherently Joint Collaborative Coordination Effects-Based, Network Centric Interagency-Multinational Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Deconflict Service Forces

33. Summary • Interoperability and integration are fundamental to effective joint operations • Both current and future requirements must be considered and synchronized • New “top down” requirements process and new paradigm for JBMC2 are steps in the right direction…..but they must be given time to take root

34. Back ups

35. Guiding Definitions • Interoperability: The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. (JP 0-2) • Integration: The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. (JP 0-2) • Joint: Activities, operations and organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more military Departments participate (JP 0-2). • Joint Force: A force composed of significant elements (assigned or attached) of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. (JP 0-2) Interoperability is key to Joint Force Integration

36. JBMC2 Mandate Secretary of Defense directed expanded responsibilities for USJFCOM to improve the Department of Defense ability to field Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities (MID 912) “Strengthens the Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities by improving the Department’s ability to organize, train, and equip joint forces.”

37. Knowledge Centric Thinking Differently Coherently Joint Effects Based Fully Networked Transforming How We Think and Operate Legacy systems will not meet this challenge! • Operational Net Assessment (ONA) • Joint Intel, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JISR) • Intel Transformation • Decision Superiority • Effects-Based Operations (EBO) • Information Operations (IO) • Force Projection (JDPO) • Joint Tactical Actions (JTA) • Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) • Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) • Multinational Info • Sharing (MNIS) • Networked C2 (JBMC2) • Distributed Common Ground Surface/System (DCGS) • Global Information Grid (GIG-BE) • Collaborative Info Environment (CIE) • Net-Centric Enterprise • Services (NCES) Enabling Networked Operations