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DISTRIBUTION. The activities that make products available to consumers when and where they want to purchase them. Channel: The system made up by a group of intermediaries. Intermediary: Specific entity in the channel. Manufacturers Wholesalers Agents/Brokers Retailers Consumers.
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DISTRIBUTION • The activities that make products available to consumers when and where they want to purchase them. • Channel: The system made up by a group of intermediaries. • Intermediary: Specific entity in the channel. • Manufacturers • Wholesalers • Agents/Brokers • Retailers • Consumers GOLDEN
MARKETING CHANNELS • Create Utility: • Time, place, and possession utility. • Create Efficiency: Reduce costs by efficiently performing certain services or functions. GOLDEN
INTENSITY OF DISTRIBUTION • Intensive: All available outlets (Convenience products). • Selective Distribution: Use only some available outlets (Shopping products and durables such as a VCR). • Exclusive Distribution: Use a single outlet in a fairly large geographic area (Jaguar). GOLDEN