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“ the reason why firms succeed or fail is perhaps the central question in strategy”. -Porter, Wheelen & Hunger (1995)-.
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“the reason why firms succeed or fail is perhaps the central question in strategy”. -Porter, Wheelen & Hunger (1995)-
Tanpastrategi, perusahaansepertikapaltanpakendali, berputar-putardalamlingkaran. Sepertipengemistidakmemilikitempat yang ingindituju. Joel Ross and Michael K
Hubungan Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen dan Strategi Bisnis Hubungan Satu Arah Hubungan Dua arah
Hubungan Satu Arah • Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen • Strategi Bisnis
Hubungan Dua Arah • Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen • Strategi Bisnis
Jenis Strategi Tingkat Organisasi Pembagian Tugas
Tingkat Korporasi Tingkat OrganisasiGriffin,RickyW;Ebert, Ronald J. Bisnis, EdisiKedelapan, Jilid 1, Erlangga, Jakarta, 2006. • Srategi Korporasi • Tingkat Bisnis • Strategi Bisnis 2 • Strategi Bisnis 3 • Strategi Bisnis 1 • bisnis apa yang akan dilakukan • bagaimana sumber daya dialokasikan • Tingkat Fungsional • Strategi R & D • StrategiProduksi • Strategi Pemasaran • Strategi Keuangan • Strategi SDM • bagaimana cara bersaing
Tingkat Korporasi Tingkat OrganisasiSchendel dan Charles Hofer, Higgins (1985) • Srategi Korporasi memberi pelayanan yang baik terhadap tuntutan dan kebutuhan masyarakat • Tingkat Bisnis • Strategi Bisnis 2 • Strategi Bisnis 3 • Strategi Bisnis 1 • Enterprise Strategy • Tingkat Fungsional • Strategi functional ekonomi • Strategi functional manajemen • Strategi isu stratejik mengontrol lingkungan planning, organizing, implementating, controlling, staffing, leading, motivating, communicating, decision making, representing, dan integrating. keuangan, pemasaran, sumber daya, penelitian dan pengembangan.
Pembagian Tugas • Strategi Generik Porter • Strategi Generik Glueck • Strategi Generik Schermerhon
Strategi Generik Glueck Strategi Stabilitas (stability) Tidak mendambah produk, efisiensi Strategi Penciutan (retrenchment) Pengurangan produk Strategi Ekspansi (expansion) Menambah produk Strategi Kombinasi (combination)
David, 1998; Porter 1980 dan 1985 • Forward Integration Strategy • Integration Strategies • Strategi Integrasi ke belakang (Backward Integration Strategy) Strategi Utama Strategi Generik • Strategi Integrasi Horisontal (Horizontal Integration Strategy) • Strategi Penetrasi Pasar (Market Penetration Strategy) • Intensive Strategies • Strategi Pengembangan Pasar (Market Development Strategy) • Strategi Pengembangan Produk (Product Development Strategy) • Jenis Strategi • Strategi Diversifikasi Terpusat (Concentric Diversification Strategy) • Diversification Strategies • Strategi Diversifikasi Horizontal (Horizontal Diversification Strategy) • Strategi Diversifikasi Konglomerasi (Conglomerate Diversification Strategy) • Strategi Penggabungan Usaha (Merger Strategy/Joint Venture) • Strategi Pengurangan/Penghematan (Retrenchment Strategy) • Defensive Strategies • Strategi Pelepasan (Disvesture Strategy) • Strategi Likuidasi (Liquidation Strategy) • Strategi Kombinasi (Combination Strategy)
Clasification of business strategies • Cost Leadership Strategy • Differentiation Strategy • Focus Strategy • Focus-Low cost • Focus-Differentiation • Hybrid (Combination) Strategy • No Definite Strategy
PerumusanStrategi Balance Score Card - Kaplan, Robert and David Norton, The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action
Balance ScoreCard ”...... a set of measures that gives top managers a fast but comprehensive view of the business..... includes financial measures that tell the result of action already taken….. completments the financial measures with operational measures on customer satisfaction, internal process, and the organization’s innovation and improvement activites – operational measures that are drivers of future financial performance. Kaplan, Robert and David Norton, The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action