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Ancient Asia

Ancient Asia. Ancient India. Geography Himalayas separate India and China Hindu Kush Mountains do not provide complete isolation because of mountain passes Monsoons (seasonal winds that bring rain) drenching the western coast 2 River Valleys Indus Ganges. Ancient India.

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Ancient Asia

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  1. Ancient Asia

  2. Ancient India • Geography • Himalayas separate India and China • Hindu Kush Mountains do not provide complete isolation because of mountain passes • Monsoons (seasonal winds that bring rain) drenching the western coast • 2 River Valleys • Indus • Ganges

  3. Ancient India • While Egypt were building pyramids, India were planning cities along the Indus River • Harappa • Mohenjo-Daro

  4. Ancient India and Sumer • Both shared the flooding of their rivers • Both traded with each other around the time of Sargon of Akkad (found Indian seals in Sumer) • Both had polytheistic religions

  5. Ancient India Cities • Fortified walls • Very gridlike layout of cities • Created by oven-baked bricks • Plumbing systems rivaling 19th century cities

  6. Ancient India • Early civilization on the Indus River eventually ended and no one knows why

  7. Aryans

  8. Aryans • A group of Indo-Europeans called Aryans invaded India by the use of the Khyber Pass

  9. Aryans start game • Caste System- social class structure • Determines role in society • Permanent member of that caste • Cannot move up from your caste • 4 classes • Top is Priests (Brahmins) • Second is Rulers and Warriors (Kshatriyas) • Third is Peasants and Traders (Vaishyas) • Last is Laborers (Shudras) • Untouchables outside of caste • Their touch would endanger the Hindus (pariah)

  10. Aryans Religion • Hinduism • Oldest Religion and polytheistic • Bible is the Vedas • Upanishads written later to help explain Vedas

  11. Aryans • 3 gods and you get to choose which you worship • Brahma (creator) • Vishnu (protector) • Shiva (destroyer)

  12. Aryans • Reincarnation or rebirth of the soul • Karma-total good or bad deeds in your lifetime • Decides where you go in your next life

  13. Aryans • Literature • Mahabharata • 106,000 verses= longest single poem • Written language = sanskrit Epics-moral story

  14. Aryans • Jainism • Founded by Mahavira • Everything has a soul and should not be harmed=nonviolence

  15. Aryans • Buddhism • Created by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

  16. Aryans • Goal-Reach enlightenment (wisdom) • Know 4 Noble Truths • Everything in life is suffering and sorrow • Cause of suffering is people’s desire for temporary pleasure • Way to end suffering is to end desire • To overcome desire follow the Eightfold Path • Follow the Eightfold Path to reach Nirvana (release of selfishness and pain)

  17. Aryans • Believed in reincarnation and cycle world • Women could be Buddhists, but Buddha feared women’s presence would distract the men

  18. China

  19. China • Geography • Surrounded by the Himalayas • Gobi Desert • Pacific Ocean • Civilization started on the Huang He (Yellow) River

  20. China • Xia is a mythical dynasty under Yu who controlled flooding • No records exists of this dynasty • Shang Dynasty was the 1st dynasty recorded and their capital was Anyang

  21. China • Social • Family was most important in Chinese society • Elder men controlled family life • Girls have arranged marriages at 13-16 • Spirits of their ancestors helped or hindered the family depending on how much you respect them

  22. China • Writing • 1st Writing was carving on bones or tortoise shells • Later Chinese writing started using characters for ideas (one could read Chinese and not speak it)=10,000 characters

  23. China • Technology • Shang had bronze for tools and weapons • Shang also made silk

  24. China • Zhou Dynasty took over from the Shang • Started the Mandate of Heaven (divine approval for just Chinese rulers) • Dynastic Cycle formed-rise, decline, and replacement of Chinese dynasties

  25. China • Zhou became weak = period of Warring States • This is 500 yrs of fighting for the Mandate of Heaven

  26. China • Scholar Confucius urged harmony during the warring years • He started Confucianism which is a social order

  27. China • Confucianism • Talks about the 5 relationships • Ruler and subject • Father and son • Husband and wife • Older brother and younger brother • Friend and friend • Told how to govern wisely • His lessons were put in Analects by his students

  28. China • Started bureaucracy (trained civil service) • Education was very important

  29. China • Daoism • Created by Laozi who wrote The Way of Virtue • His belief was “the Way” guides all things • No right or wrong, good or bad because those arguments are pointless

  30. China • Yin and Yang • Two opposite forces that compliment each other

  31. China • Legalism • Highly efficient and powerful government • Use punishment to enforce laws • Burn books that tell people to criticize the government

  32. China • Qin Dynasty under Shi Huangdi (first emperor) reconquered China

  33. China • With executions, uprooting of noble families Shi Huangdi unified China • Started autocracy (government where ruler has unlimited power and uses it)

  34. China • He also built the Great Wall to protect China from invaders from the north (1400 miles long)

  35. China • Shi Huangdi died and the Qin dynasty with him

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