Igor Steinmacher Ana Paula Chaves Steinmacher Marco Aurelio Gerosa

1. Igor Steinmacher Ana Paula Chaves Steinmacher Marco Aurelio Gerosa Awareness Support ing Global Software Development: A Systematic Review Based on the 3C Collaboration Model

2. Agenda • Goals • Systematic Review • Review Planning • Review Conduction • Review Analysis • Conclusions

3. Goals • Identify awareness studies that brought improvements to collaboration in GSD • Analyze and identify current challenges and opportunities for future researches • Classify studies according to 3C model • Provide a quick reference to GSD environment and researches regarding features already developed/ investigated

4. Systematic Review • Aims to present a fair evaluation of a research topic by using a trustworthy, rigorous, and auditable methodology • Consists of three stages: • Review Planning • Review Conduction • Review Reporting

5. Review Planning • Identification of review objectives • Development of a protocol • methods used to undertake the systematic review • aims to reduce the possibility researcher bias

6. Review Planning: Protocol • Research Questions • Q1: What are the awareness studies carried out in order to improve the Global Software Development scenario? • Q2: Which of the 3Cs are these studies supporting?

7. Review Planning: Protocol • Keywords defined based on research questions

8. Review Planning: Protocol • Search Sources • Science@Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com) • El Compendex (http://www.engineeringvillage.com) • IEEE Digital Library (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/) • ACM Digital Library (http://portal.acm.org) • Only studies written in English and with online full paper available were considered (this is the reason to use only these sources)

9. Review Planning: Protocol • Inclusion/Exclusion process: • 1. Paper title and keywords analysis • 2. Analysis based on the reading of papers abstracts and keywords, considering research questions • 3. Analysis of introduction, conclusion, and specific parts related to the contributions • 4. All studies selected so far were read by the researchers and documented on a proper form

10. Review Planning: Protocol • The first three steps were performed by two researchers, independently • All the steps were reviewed by a more experienced researcher • We've dismissed: • studies related to awareness which did not focus on GSD domain • studies related to a same tool or environment, keeping just the most recent one (classifying them as duplicated)

11. Review Planning: Protocol • Studies categorization: • (i) case studies • (ii) theoretical studies • (iii) experiments • (iv) tools (including frameworks and architectures) • (v) literature reviews

12. Review Planning: Protocol • Studies were also categorized according to the level of support of each 3C model dimensions • 3: Mainly supports • 2: Also supports • 1: Indirectly supports • 0: Does not support

13. ReviewConduction • Query string is used to retrieve the candidate studies • Primary studies are identified, selected and evaluated according to the process defined in the review protocol

14. Review Conduction • Distribution of studies found

15. ReviewAnalysis • Data from the studies selected are extracted and synthesized • Analysis performed • Studies per year • Studies per type • 3C collaboration model categorization

16. Review Analysis • Amount of relevant studies per year

17. Review Analysis • Venn Diagram for type of primary studies

18. Review Analysis • Distribution according to 3C model

19. Review Analysis: tools classification according to 3C model

20. Conclusions • 79% of primary studies introduce a new tool with some awareness support to GSD • gathering information from source code version management repositories, provide awareness, supporting coordination and cooperation. • Regarding 3C model • Studies focus on coordination • Communication is poorly explored

21. Conclusions: some opportunities • Lack of studies and tools offering solutions that could provide awareness regarding recent (or real time) context • No studies merging ubiquitous computing, GSD and awareness • No studies dealing with how to use awareness regarding the physical location of a team member

22. Conclusions: some opportunities • We could not find studies provide awareness support to development phases other than coding • We have not found studies dealing with awareness to overcome issues related to cultural, political, geographical differences • Lack of awareness initiatives to avoid ambiguity and misunderstandings

23. Conclusions • Awareness for GSD is an area that is growing lately, presenting a large number of studies published • But, there are lots of gaps to be filled and opportunities are still opened • More details regarding this review can be found at www.igor.pro.br/awarenessRS

24. Limitations • We did not perform our search into every possible source • Some studies may have been missed • Classification is a human process and can be considered subjective

25. Marco Aurelio Gerosa – gerosa@ime.usp.br Igor Steinmacher – igorfs@utfpr.edu.br Ana Paula Chaves Steinmacher – anachaves@utfpr.edu.br Thank you!