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Model Physics / Porting Physics to the NMMB

Model Physics / Porting Physics to the NMMB. NEMS-NMMB Tutorial 19 February 2014 Brad Ferrier, Dusan Jovic , & Ratko Vasic. Outline. Physics options and parameter settings (slides 3-17) Shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation ( sl 3-4)

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Model Physics / Porting Physics to the NMMB

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  1. Model Physics / Porting Physics to the NMMB NEMS-NMMB Tutorial 19 February 2014 Brad Ferrier, DusanJovic, & Ratko Vasic

  2. Outline • Physics options and parameter settings (slides 3-17) • Shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation (sl 3-4) • Planetary boundary layer (PBL) and surface layer (sl5,7) • Gravity wave drag + mountain blocking (sl 6-7) • Land surface schemes (sl8-9) • Convection (sl 10-11, 16) and microphysics (sl12-16) • Full GFS physics suite (sl 17) • Source codes and porting physics (slides 18-35) • Flowcharts of codes relating various physics (sl 18-21) • Adding a new physics array, + output fields (sl 22-31) • RRTM & GFS codes in /phys directory (sl 32) • Physics calls in model solver (sl 33-35) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  3. Radiation Options • “GFDL” radiation (phys/module_RA_GFDL.F90) • Lacis & Hansen shortwave (SW) , Fels & Schwartzkopf (LW) • Prescribed ozone & CO2 • No aerosols, incoming TOA SW fluxes reduced by 3% • Simple clouds, fixed absorption coefficients for cloud water and ice • RRTM radiation (phys/module_RA_RRTM.F90) • Similar to RRTMG in WRF • Version 2 (currently running in GFS), soon to be upgraded to version 3 • Ported from AER and optimized for EMC by Yu-Tai Hou, coupled to the NMMB by Hsin-Mu Lin • Prescribed ozone (predicted in GFS) & CO2, O2, and various trace gases • Bilinear interpolation from 5o climatological aerosols • Much more sophisticated treatment of clouds than GFDL • LW: Hu & Stamnes (1993) for water, Ebert & Curry (1992) for ice (+ other options) • SW: Hu & Stamnes (1993) for water, Fu (1996) for ice (+ other options) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  4. Configure File Settings - Radiation shortwave: # Shortwave radiation schemes, either gfdl or rrtm longwave: # Longwave radiation schemes, either gfdl or rrtm … co2tf: 1 # Read (0) or generate internally (1) the GFDL CO2 transmission functions … nrads: # Number of dynamics timesteps between calls to shortwave nradl: # Number of dynamics timesteps between calls to longwave … nhrs_udef: true # Accumulator arrays are reset to 0 by user-defined options (next). nhrs_rdlw: # Frequency in hours between times when LW radiation fluxes are reset to 0 nhrs_rdsw: # Frequency in hours between times when SW radiation fluxes are reset to 0 • Use the same option for shortwave & longwave (i.e., use “gfdl” for both or “rrtm” for both) • Recommend nrads=nradland set so that radiation is called at times corresponding with output (e.g. top of the hour) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  5. Surface Layer and PBL • Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) surface layer (phys/module_SF_JSFC.F90) • MYJ PBL (phys/module_BL_MYJPBL.F90) • Nonsingular Mellor-Yamada level 2.5, a local scheme • Predicts turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), represented as 3D array Q2 (=2*TKE) in code • TKE > background value in areas of turbulence away from the PBL (e.g., jet streaks) • GFS PBL (phys/module_BL_GFSPBL.F90) • 1st order non-local Pan-Mahrt scheme • Differs from what’s in the GFS because it uses the MYJ surface layer (added by Weiguo Wang in 2010) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  6. Gravity Wave Drag (GWD)and Mountain Blocking (+MB) • GWD+MB (nmm/module_GWD.F90) • Provided from GFS (Jordan Alpert & ShrinivasMoorthi) • Tendencies applied only to horizontal winds • Calculates the level of the “dividing streamline” (DS) • Lott & Miller mountain blocking below DS, air is slowed as it flows around the barrier • Kim & Arakawa gravity wave drag above DS, air goes over the barrier and is subject to possible wave breaking • Requires 14 different fields related to the terrain • Maximum height above the mean height in the grid box, slope, anisotropy/aspect ratio, angle of the mountain range w/r/t East, normalized 4th moment of the orographic convexity, orographic asymmetry & length scale along 4 vertical planes (W-E, N-S, SW-NE, NW-SE) • Currently calculated from 30-sec terrain data NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  7. Configure File Settings sfc_layer: # Surface layer schemes, myj only … turbulence: # Turbulence schemes, myj or gfs … gwdflg: true # True--> GWD on ; False--> GWD off cdmb: 0.1* # adjusts mountain blocking cleffamp: 2.24 *# adjusts the gravity wave drag (GWD) sigfac: 3.00 * # dividing streamline is searched above the highest elevation by sigfac*Zstd (Zstd=stddev of terrain) factop: 0.50 # limit deacceleration (momentum deposition) aloft rlolev: 50.00 # adjusts GWD when p > rlolev (centibars) in a complex way dpmin: 0.00 # minimum thickness of the reference layer * Values for cdmb, cleffamp, sigfac based on optimal settings for 12-km runs NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  8. Land Surface Schemes • Noah (phys/module_LS_NOAHLSM.F90) • 4 soil layers (10, 30, 60, & 100 cm thick) + snow layer • 19 soil types (STASGO) • Land use & vegetation types • 24 from older USGS • 20 from newer IGBP (MODIS-derived, used in NAM) • Urban canopy model (phys/module_SF_URBAN.F90) • Little (if any?) testing in EMC meso group • LISS (phys/module_LS_LISS.F90) • Land ice sea model (Vukovic et al., 2010, ) introduced into NMMB by Zavisa • 4 soil layers + snow layer NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  9. Configure File Settings land_surface: # land surface schemes, noah or liss … ucmcall: # Use (=1) or do not use (=0) urban canopy model ivegsrc: # Use (=1) or do not use (=0) IGBP vegetation & land use types … nhrs_srfc: # Frequency in hours between times when surface energy and moisture fluxes are reset to 0 Settings shared by surface layer, PBL, GWD+MB, and land surface: nphs: # Number of dynamics time steps between calls to land surface, turbulence (sfclayer + PBL), and GWD+MB NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  10. Convection • Betts-Miller-Janjic(phys/module_CU_BMJ.F90) • BMJ scheme changes T & Q only • Simplified Arakawa Schubert (phys/module_CU_BMJ.F90) • SAS is a mass flux scheme (added by Weiguo Wang in 2010) • ncloud=1, detrains liquid & ice (partitioned into various pre-existing species, may differ from HWRF) • Both schemes account for deep (precipitating) and shallow (nonprecipitating) modes of convection NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  11. Configure File Settings convection: # Convective scheme, either bmj or sas … nprecip: # Number of dynamics timesteps between calls to convection and microphysics Settings that control the BMJ scheme fres: 0.75 # resolution factor for dsp's (default) fr: 1.0 # land factor for dsp's (dafault) fsl: 0.75 # reduction factor for "slow" dsp's over land (dafault) fss: 0.75 # reduction factor for "slow" dsp's over water (dafault) Settings that control BMJ deep & shallow convection switches (true/false) entrain: .false. # includes entrainment in parcel ascent newall: .false. # new treatment for shallow clouds newswap: .false. # new shallow clouds at swap points* (commented out) newupup: .false. # new shallow clouds with upward heat &moisture transport nodeep: .false. # all deep convection diverted to shallow convection * Swap points are when shallow convection is considered after deep convection test fails (entropy decreases) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  12. Microphysics (1 of 3) • Old NAM/HWRF (phys/module_MP_ETANEW.F90) • ‘fer’ - similar to “old Eta” in WRF (etampold, mp_physics=95) • Uses smaller look up tables for rain • Predicts cloud water, rain, and ice (internal algorithm separates cloud ice from snow/graupel) mixing ratios, and density of ice (“rime factor”) within the microphysics • New NAM (phys/module_MP_FER_HIRES.F90) • ‘fer_hires’ - similar to “new Eta” in WRF (etampnew, mp_physics=5) • Uses larger look up tables for rain • Soon to be updated by “Ferrier-Aligo” version • Being tested in real-time parallels & HWRF retrospectives, changes made to represent deep convection better (esp radar reflectivities) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  13. Microphysics (2 of 3) • GFS (phys/module_MP_GFS.F90) • Similar to what’s in GFS (added by Weiguo Wang in 2010) • Sundqvist condensation, partial cloudiness allows clouds to form at RH > RHcrit (=95% in NMMB) • Predicts cloud water & cloud ice; rain and snow fall out and do not remain in atmosphere • WSM6 (phys/module_MP_WSM6.F90) • Developed by Hong et al. (added by Weiguo in 2010) • Predicts cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow, & graupel • Added based on feedback from SPC, used in 4-km NSSL ARW NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  14. Microphysics (3 of 3) • Thompson (phys/module_mp_thompson.F90 & phys/module_mp_radar.F90) • Recently added by Greg and Dusan • Predicts mixing ratios of cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow, & graupel, as well as number concentrations of rain and cloud ice • Extra care dedicated to the treatment of snow using the work of Paul Field • Greg is finishing the coupling with the RRTM radiation NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  15. Configure File Settings (1 of 2) microphysics: # Microphysics scheme, either fer, fer_hires, gfs, wsm6, or thompson. … spec_adv: # Separately advect hydrometeor species (=true) or advect only total condensate (=false). Recommend spec_adv=true for thompson. (Added with help from Weiguo Wang) lmprate: # Write microphysics processes of 4D array MPRATES to history files (=true), otherwise write a single 3D array with zero values (=false). Currently available for fer, fer_hires, & wsm6 microphysics (added by Eric Aligo). … nprecip: # Number of dynamics timesteps between calls to convection and microphysics NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  16. Configure File Settings (2 of 2) NOTE: User must set nhrs_udef to .TRUE. and set the emptying frequencies (nhrs_*) to the desired values or else all accumulations will automatically be emptied at the frequency of history output. nhrs_udef: true # User defined (=true) or frequency of history output (=false) nhrs_prec: 3 # Frequency in hours between times when precip arrays are emptied nhrs_heat: 3 # Frequency in hours between times when heating arrays are emptied nhrs_clod: 3 # Frequency in hours between times when cloud arrays are emptied* Above example has the precipitation “buckets”, diabatic heating rates for convection & microphysics, and cloud fractions from radiation* being set to 3-h accumulations. * Cloud fractions are calculated in the radiation and not in the microphysics. NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  17. Full GFS Physics (‘gbphys’) gfs: false # Select entire GFS physics (=true) or individual options (=false)(added by Ratko Vasic, used in global NMMB development) Midway in module_SOLVER_GRID_COMP.F90: gfs_phys_test: IF(.NOT.int_state%GFS)THEN • Run the various physics discussed earlier • CALL UPDATE_WATER*, Radiation, RDTEMP*, Turbulence, CLTEND*, Convection, Microphysics, and CLTEND* (twice) ELSE gfs_phys_test !<-- Use GFS physics package • Lots of preparation, initialize arrays, etc. • CALL GRRAD (GFS radiation), GBPHYS (other GFS physics) • Update 2D arrays (all involve >2000 lines of code) ENDIF gfs_phys_test NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  18. Flowcharts of Physics Codes With Respect to NMMB Solver NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  19. Flowchart for Radiation & Convection NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  20. Flowchart for Microphysics NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  21. Flowchart for Turbulence, etc. nmm/module_SOLVER_GRID_COMP.F90 phys/module_SF_JSFC.F90 phys/module_LS_NOAHLSM.F90 nmm/module_TURBULENCE.F90 Surface Layer phys/module_LS_LISS.F90 phys/module_BL_MYJPBL.F90 phys/module_BL_GFSPBL.F90 OR Land Surface PBL OR GWD + MB (optional)nmm/module_GWD.F90 NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  22. Adding a New Array e.g. 2D snow cover (SNOWC array)andMODIS albedo flag (ialbsrc)

  23. List of Codes To Change /nmmdirectory module_GET_CONFIG.F90 - Add a configure file variable module_INIT_READ_BIN.F90 - Read from binary file module_INIT_READ_NEMSIO.F90 - Read from NEMSIO file (NPS input & restart files) module_SOLVER_INTERNAL_STATE.F90 - Loads into ‘generic’ int_state%VARS module_SOLVER_GRID_COMP.F90 - Main solver: initializes, then passes to physics module_RADIATION.F90 - Used by radiation, adjust sfc albedos over snow module_TURBULENCE.F90 - Updated by land surface module_WRITE_ROUTINES.F90 - Rename variables in NEMSIO GrADS control files job/regression_tests/solver_state.txt #------------------------------------------------------------ # Name History Owned eXport Description # Name Restart Import Time_ser #------------------------------------------------------------ ... ### 2D real ... 'SNOWC' H R O - - T 'Snow Cover (fraction: 0--1)' NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  24. Adding a configure file variable (1 of 2) module_GET_CONFIG.F90 [ ialbsrc: .true. # MODIS albedos (=true), Matthews albedos (=false) ] ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ MESSAGE_CHECK="GET_CONFIG: Extract IALBSRC from Config File" IF(int_state%PRINT_ESMF .OR. int_state%PRINT_ALL) & CALL ESMF_LogWrite(MESSAGE_CHECK,ESMF_LOGMSG_INFO,rc=RC) ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ! CALL ESMF_ConfigGetAttribute(config=CF & !<-- The configure file object ,value =int_state%IALBSRC & !<-- Put extracted quantity here ,label ='ialbsrc:' & !<-- The quantity's label in the configure file ,rc =RC) ! ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CALL ERR_MSG(RC,MESSAGE_CHECK,RC_CONF) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  25. Adding a configure file variable (2 of 2) jobs/regression_test/solver_state.txt #------------------------------------------------------------ # Name History Owned eXport Description # Name Restart Import Time_ser #------------------------------------------------------------ ### 0D integer (scalar) 'IALBSRC' H - O - - - 'Albedo source identifier, 0--> Matthews albedos, 1--> MODIS albedos' Added to the configure file ialbsrc: .true. # MODIS albedos (=true), Matthews albedos (=false) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  26. Reading from a Binary File Subroutine read_binary in module_INIT_READ_BIN.F90 !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** SNO and SNOWC !----------------------------------------------------------------------- IF(MYPE==0)THEN READ(NFCST)TEMP1 ENDIF CALL DSTRB(TEMP1,int_state%SNO,1,1,1,1,1,MYPE,MPI_COMM_COMP) DO J=JMS,JME DO I=IMS,IME if(int_state%SNO(I,J).gt.0.) then int_state%SNOWC(I,J)=0.98 else int_state%SNOWC(I,J)=0.0 endif ENDDO ENDDO NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  27. Reading from a NEMSIO File (1 of 3) Subroutine read_nemsio in module_INIT_READ_NEMSIO.F90 read_blocks: if(.not.int_state%RESTART) then! cold start! (1) Stuff on next slide for reading from an NPS-generated NEMSIO “input” file else read_blocks ! Restart (2) Stuff 2 slides later for reading from a model NEMSIO restart file endifread_blocks ! cold start /restart => Remember to new array(s) in both locations! NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  28. Reading from a NEMSIO File (2 of 3) Subroutine read_nemsio in module_INIT_READ_NEMSIO.F90 (reads from an NPS-generated NEMSIO file) !------------------------------------------------------------------ !*** SNO and SNOWC !------------------------------------------------------------------- ! call getrecn(recname,reclevtyp,reclev,nrec,'sno','sfc',1,recn) if(recn>0) then fldst=(recn-1)*fldsize do j=jts,jte js=(j-jts)*(ite-its+1) do i=its,ite int_state%SNO(i,j)=tmp(i-its+1+js+fldst) if(int_state%SNO(i,j).gt.0.) then int_state%SNOWC(i,j) = 0.98 else int_state%SNOWC(i,j) = 0.0 endif enddo enddo endif NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  29. Reading from a NEMSIO File (3 of 3) Subroutine read_nemsio in module_INIT_READ_NEMSIO.F90 (reads from a model NEMSIO restart file) !-------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** SNOWC !-------------------------------------------------------------------- ! call getrecn(recname,reclevtyp,reclev,nrec,'snowc','sfc',1,recn) if(recn>0) then fldst=(recn-1)*fldsize do j=jts,jte js=(j-jts)*(ite-its+1) do i=its,ite int_state%SNOWC(i,j)=tmp(i-its+1+js+fldst) enddo enddo endif NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  30. Other Steps (as in Dusan’s presentation) module_SOLVER_INTERNAL_STATE.F90 REAL(kind=KFPT),DIMENSION(:,:),POINTER :: <other arrays>, SNOWC, <more arrays> . . . CALL SET_VAR_PTR(int_state%VARS,NV,'SNOWC' ,int_state%SNOWC,(/ IMS,JMS /),(IME,JME /) ) module_SOLVER_GRID_COMP.F90 SUBROUTINE SOLVER_INITIALIZE . . . int_state%SNOWC(I,J) = 0. . . . SUBROUTINE SOLVER_RUN . . . CALL RADIATION (<args>, int_state%SNOWC,<args>) . . . CALL TURBL(<args>,int_state%SNOWC,<args>) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  31. Renamed Output Fields Configure file option: write_nemsioctl:.TRUE. # True--> Yes write ctl for nemsio run history files Sample output from run directory, 3-h history file & GrADS control (ctl) file from the 1st domain: • nmmb_hst_01_nio_0003h_00m_00.00snmmb_hst_01_nio_0003h_00m_00.00s.ctl • Most array names are the same as in solver_state.txt , except for: • History files. Arrays are renamed in subroutine WRITE_NEMSIO_RUNHISTORY_OPEN in module_WRITE_ROUTINES.F90 at “IF (RECNAME(NREC)==“ lines. Examples: Array names in model: W_TOT, CW, U, V, T, Q, O3 Renamed fields in NEMSIO files: vvel, clwmr, ugrd, vgrd, tmp, spfh, o3mr • Restart files. Arrays are renamed in subroutine WRITE_NEMSIO_RUNRESTART_OPEN at similar lines. They are usually the same as in the history files, except for vertical velocity. • “W” in model is part of the full vertical velocity, written as “w” to the history file and “vvel” in the restart file. • “W_TOT” in model is the full vertical velocity, written as “vvel” only to the history file (based on the current solver_state.txt file in the SVN trunk). NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  32. RRTM & GFS Codes in /phys *.f files (compiled in –r8) calpreciptype.fideaca.f mstadbtn2.f radiation_clouds_nmmb.fsascnv.f cnvc90.f idea_co2.f mstadbtn.fradiation_gases.fsascnvn.f co2hc.f idea_dissipation.fmstcnv.fradiation_gases_gfs.fset_soilveg.f date_def.f idea_h2o.f namelist_soilveg.fradiation_gases_nmmb.fsfc_diag.f dcyc2.f idea_ion.fozinterp.fradiation_surface.fsfc_diff.f dcyc2.pre.rad.f idea_o2_o3.f ozne_def.fradiation_surface_gfs.fsfc_drv.f efield.fidea_phys.fozphys.fradiation_surface_nmmb.fsfc_land.f funcphys.fidea_solar_heating.fphyscons.frad_initialize.fsfc_nst.f gbphys.fidea_tracer.fphysparam.frad_initialize_nmmb.fsfc_ocean.f get_prs.fiounitdef.fphyspara_nmmb.fradlw_datatb.fsfc_sice.f gfs_phy_tracer_config.flrgsclr.fprecpd.fradlw_datatb_nmmb.fsfcsub.f gocart_tracer_config.fmachine.fprecpd_nmmb.fradlw_main.fsflx.f gocart_tracer_config_stub.fmersenne_twister.f progt2.f radlw_main_nmmb.fshalcnv.f grrad.fmodule_bfmicrophysics.fprogtm_module.fradlw_param.f shalcv_1lyr.f grrad_gfs.fmodule_nst_model.fradiation_aerosols.fradlw_param_nmmb.fshalcv.f grrad_nmmb.fmodule_nst_parameters.fradiation_aerosols_gfs.fradsw_datatb.fshalcv_fixdp.f gscond.fmodule_nst_water_prop.fradiation_aerosols_nmmb.fradsw_datatb_nmmb.fshalcv_opr.f gsmddrive.f moninp1.f radiation_astronomy.fradsw_main.ftracer_const_h.f gwdc.fmoninp.fradiation_astronomy_gfs.fradsw_main_nmmb.f tridi2t3.f gwdps.f moninq1.f radiation_astronomy_nmmb.fradsw_param.f h2oc.f moninq.fradiation_clouds.fradsw_param_nmmb.f h2ohdc.f mstadb.fradiation_clouds_gfs.f rascnvv2.f *_nmmb.f files – all but precpd_nmmb.f are related to RRTM radiation in the NMMB grrad_nmmb.fradiation_aerosols_nmmb.fradiation_gases_nmmb.fradlw_datatb_nmmb.fradsw_datatb_nmmb.f physpara_nmmb.fradiation_astronomy_nmmb.fradiation_surface_nmmb.fradlw_main_nmmb.fradsw_main_nmmb.f precpd_nmmb.fradiation_clouds_nmmb.frad_initialize_nmmb.fradlw_param_nmmb.fradsw_param_nmmb.f NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  33. Sequence of Physics Callsin Model Solver nmm/module_SOLVER_GRID_COMP.F90

  34. Physics Calls in Solver_Run(1 of 2) SUBROUTINE SOLVER_RUN in module_SOLVER_GRID_COMP.F90 • MAX_FIELDS (_HR, _W6) – maximum hourly severe WX fields • UPDATE_WATER – couple/synchronize WATER(:,:,:,P_Qx) [ => TRACERS(:,:,:,P_Qx) ] arrays with 3D CWM, F_ice, F_rain, F_RimeF (“ferrier”) arrays • CALL READPCP – Read input precipobs, NDAS precipitation assimilation • CALL TIME_MEASURE – time fields for GFDL radiation (NTIMESTEP_RAD=NTIMESTEP+1) • RADIATION + various ESMF calls for time fields (controlled by nrads=nradl) • RDTEMP – update T from radiative temperature tendencies (RSWTT, RLWTT) • SWAPHN, POLEHN – exchange across E-W boundary & poles (global NMMB) => Reset to 0 radiation & land sfc accumulators (“buckets”), controlled by nhrs_xxx • Turbulence branch (controlled by nphs): • TURBL – sfc layer, land surface, PBL, GWD+MB) • HALO_EXCH – halo exchanges for DUDT, DVDT • H_TO_V_TEND – interpolate from H (mass) to V (velocity) points, update U,V winds • SWAPHN, POLEHN, SWAPWN, POLEWN – exchange across boundaries (global NMMB) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

  35. Physics Calls in Solver_Run (2 of 2) (cont.) => Reset to 0 heating, precipitation, & microphysical process accumulators (nhrs_xxx) • Moist processes branch (controlled by nprecip) • CLTEND (ICTEND=-1) – defines TOLD 3D array • CUCNVC – convection • HALO_EXCH, H_TO_V_TEND • SWAPHN, POLEHN, SWAPWN, POLEWN – exchange across boundaries (global NMMB) • GSMDRIVE – microphysics • CLTEND (ICTEND=0) – Calculates cloud (Cu+micro) temperature tendencies (Tadj) • CHKSNOW, ADJPPT – NDAS precipitation assimilation • SWAPHN, POLEHN – Q, CW … include WATER(:,:,:,P_Qx) for other schemes? • HALO_EXCH – halo exchanges for Q, CW • CLTEND (ICLTEND=1) – update T from cloud temperature tendencies (Tadj) • SWAPHN, POLEHN – exchange T across boundaries (global) • HALO_EXCH – halo exchanges for T, WATER(:,:,:,P_Qx) NMMB Tutorial: Physics

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