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University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Department of Food Science and Technology. Course guide on Food Plant Design and Pilot Demonstration (FST 409). Synopsis. Concept of a food plant Plant design concepts Definitions Process design Optimal design principles Sanitary design
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University of Agriculture, AbeokutaDepartment of Food Science and Technology Course guide on Food Plant Design and Pilot Demonstration (FST 409)
Synopsis • Concept of a food plant • Plant design concepts • Definitions • Process design • Optimal design principles • Sanitary design • General appreciation of the food industry and various plant facility need • Design principles • Feasibility study • Site selection • Plant economics and profitability
Concept of a Food Plant • Food plant as physical entity • Conversion processes in a food plant • Energy consumption and cost • Waste generation • Human expertise need • Life cycle of a plant
Plant design concepts • Design as an idea generation exercise • Fitness to a purpose • Enormity of task depends on the intended scale of operation of the plant • Food Plant design as a multidisciplinary project • Coordinated by a Food Engineer/Food Technologist • Team may involve all or some of the following: Civil, Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Accountants, Architects, Quantity Surveyor, Economists, etc.
Definitions • Food process • Process simulation • Process optimization • Process instrumentation and control • Food plant sanitation
Stages in plant design • Inception • Preliminary evaluation of economics and market • Development of data necessary for final design • Final economic evaluation • Detailed engineering design • Procurement • Erection • Startup and trial runs • Production
The Food Industry • The producers • The processors • The marketers • The consumers
Plant Design Principles • Material Flow • Sanitary Design • Site Location • Design for People
Feasibility studies • Types, definitions and goals: • Technical • Economic • Viability of a project
Issues in Technical Feasibility Study • Raw material requirement • Labor requirement • Equipment and facility requirement • Technology • Process flow • Facility construction and material suitability • Land suitability • Climatic consideration • Energy and utilities • Transportation
Issues in economic feasibility • Projected expenditures on the design project • Capital • Recurrent • Projected incomes • Sales • Services • Projected profits • Time value of money
Plant economics • Asset values • Initial value • Salvage value • Scrap value • Present value: • book value • market value • replacement value
Plant economics contd. • Types of depreciation: • Physical • Functional • Depletion • Purpose of depreciation cost • Methods of calculating depreciation: • Straight line • Declining balance • Sum-of-the-year-digit • Sinking fund • Present worth
Plant economics contd. • Profitability defined • Profitability evaluation methods: • Rate of return • Discounted cash flow • Net present worth • Capitalized costs • Payout period