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Enhancing Migration and Development Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities

Explore the intricate relationship between migration and development, delving into trends, operational strategies, and policy implications. Uncover the complexities, synergies, and conflicts in this critical global discourse.

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Enhancing Migration and Development Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities

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  1. Migration and development • The Road Ahead? • Trygve G. Nordby • European Migration Network • Oslo 18 June 2012

  2. The discourse • Does less development lead to more migration? • Does more development lead to more migration? • Can migration stimulate development? • Or is the M&D nexus ruled by the Doris Day principle: “Que sera sera” (whatever will be will be)? • More migration than development and more development than Human Rights

  3. The international process on M&D • General scepticism against wider intl. debate • Sovereignty and lack of institutions and arenas • Global Commission on Intl. Migration 2005 • High Level Dialogue in UNGA 2006 • Global Forum on Migration and Development, Bru 07, Man 08, Hel 09, Mex 10, Gen 2011, Maur 12 • THP Global Hearing on Ref. and Mig. 2012 • New High Level Dialogue, UNGA 2013 • Sweden 2014, Turkey 2015

  4. Trends(2012 Hague Global Hearing on Refugees and Migration) • Migration will increase - due to demography, economic disparities, climate change, conflict and poor governance • Migration has become more complex – blurred distinction between legal-illegal and forced-voluntary • Migration is more temporary and circular than before • South-south migration is increasing

  5. Trends (continued) • Migration is increasingly an urban phenomenon • New technological opportunities • Communication, Biometry, etc. • More public debate on migration • New stakeholders more assertive in the debate: business, big cities • But also: Increased negative public mood towards migration

  6. “Our approach to migration can make us stronger or weaker” • “Migration is an opportunity” • Cecilia Malmström, EU Commissioner

  7. OperationaI opportunities I • Financial support to diasporas' development projects in countries of origin. • Better conditions for effect of remittances • Training programs designed to prevent negative brain drain • Strengthening of migration management structures in countries of origin • Facilitating and securing sustainable development in context of return

  8. Operational opportunities II • Increased research and build up of evidence based competencies on M&D • Increased cooperation with NGOs, business and diasporas • Legal reforms to facilitate increased mobility and circle migration • Establishing more bilateral agreements • Strengthening of Migrant Rights

  9. When no M&D synergy appear • Conflict of interest between domestic ministries (control, readmission) and development ministries (altruism, country of origin focus)? • Difference in professional cultures? • Conflict of interest between sending and receiving countries (export of labour vs. control of borders)? • Human Rights vs. economic exploitation • General xenophobia?

  10. Assumptions I • M&D needs to be defined by migration as well as development actors as a joint program area. • Governments need to establish and resource cross departmental Task Forces • Need for more evidence based competence on Migration and Development • Research institutions, NGOs and diasporas need to be fully involved

  11. Assumptions II • The transnational nature of M&D needs to be fully accepted – politically and legally • M&D cannot be advanced by narrow domestic motives of reducing immigration or increasing return to certain developing countries. This may even ditch the process. • Migration and development is not a quick fix. This has to be done in a very long term perspective

  12. Beyond discussion • Great potential for enhanced M&D efforts and results in countries of origin and destination • Lack of sufficient institutions in countries of origin and destination • Lack of internal coherence • Great need for evidence based policymaking • Insufficient rights regimes to meet the vulnerability of many migrant workers • Room for private and social movement actors

  13. Up for discussion • Will the concept of “increased mobility” rather than “increased migration” lead to less focus on integration and migrant rights? • Could a new UN agency for migration help focus and implementation of M&D? • Could biometry give assurance of state control and open up for increased migration? • Highly skilled vs. low skill labour migration • Who should pick up and throw the dices?

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