Multicultural Literature

1. Multicultural Literature Monday, October 8th • Turn in articles & Essay materials • Speaker • Go to book room and pick up Zora Neale Hurston’s “Their eyes were watching God.”

2. REMEMBER! Due Next Class! • Read the first chapter of “Their eyes were watching God.” • LAST CHANCE for any essay rough draft materials. • LAST CHANCE for any Unit 1 materials • Sociogram& presentation • Aliens in America • Home Training • Syntax • Toughest Indian in the world packet • Toughest Indian in the world worksheet • This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona questions • Smoke signals packet • Sherman Alexi Interview packet • Poetry Packet • Article with syntax, diction, and tone • Tickets in the door • Thursday afternoon I put in ZEROES!!

3. Multicultural Literature Wednesday, October 10th • 5 minute homework turn in frenzy!!!!!!! • Reading Questions • Speaker

4. Reading Questions: • What do the men notice about Janie as she walks down the street, and what do the women notice about her? • What does Pheoby bring for Janie?

5. Multicultural Literature Friday, September 28th • Harlem Renaissance concept map • Zora Neale Hurston ppt & Follow along sheet • Harlem Renaissance ppt & Follow along notes • TEWWG Audio Files • Write a mini “self-biography” about your imaginary future • Check vocab packet

6. Reading Questions: • Why had Janie been spending so much time underneath the pear tree? • Why was Janie called Alphabet?

7. Zora Neale Hurston • Born January 7, 1891, in Notasulga, Alabama • Parents: John Hurston, carpenter, Baptist preacher, and mayor of Eatonville, and Lucy Potts Hurston, a schoolteacher. • Hurston had seven siblings. • Moved to Eatonville, Florida • Eatonville was the first all-black incorporated town in the United States. • Her mother died when she was only 13. •  "That hour began my wanderings,"

8. Hurston left town at fourteen, after her father remarried. • Worked as a wardrobe girl in an all-white traveling Gilbert and Sullivan troupe. • Went to Morgan Academy in Baltimore and Howard University in Washington, DC • studied with Dr. Franz Boas • Boas is often called the father of American anthropology. • Hurston married and divorced three husbands • After, at forty-four, fell in love with twenty-three-year-old Percy Punter. • She wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God, trying in its pages "to embalm all the tenderness of [her] passion for him."

9. Despite the novel's 1937 publication, Hurston struggled with money for years. • The largest royalty any of her books ever earned was $943.75. • Though she continued to write, publishers rejected her books. • Her anti-communist essays and criticism of school integration alienated her from other black writers. • After a stroke in 1959, she Hurson moved into a welfare home. • She died in that home on January 28, 1960. • Her grave remained unmarked until 1973.

10. The Harlem Renaissance When black identity was reborn in Harlem, N.Y., and found expression in music, literature, art, theater and politics between 1900s-1930s.

11. The Harlem Renaissance, known also as the New Negro Movement and the Negro Renaissance, was an important cultural manifestation of the mid-twenties and thirties. • With Harlem as its center, the Renaissance was an upsurge of new racial attitudes and ideals on the part of Afro-Americans and an artistic and political awakening. • It was partly inspired by the revolutionary spirit of the times. • The Harlem writers and artists were, like their Modernist white counterparts, in quest of new forms, images, and techniques. • They, too, were skeptical and cynical. • What chiefly differentiated them, however, was their view of artistic endeavor as an extension of the struggle against oppression.

12. The Birth of “The New Negro” Between 1910 and 1920, there was a huge migration of blacks from the south to some of the great cities in the north, including Washington D.C., New York city and Chicago. Music: Duke Ellington’s “Take the ‘A’ Train.”

13. New York’s Harlem was known as the place to be! Jazz music found a home; black music that resonated in the hearts of whites as well. Clubs sprang up - the famous Cotton Club and the Lenox Lounge, among others. Music: Every Tub By Count Basie and his Orchestra.

14. Harlem: A New Mecca Harlem became the capital of black America. It came to be known as the new “Mecca” for African-Americans. The seeds of a new Black Identity were sown with the growth of music, art, theater and literature in Harlem. Music: Shout and Feel It –by Count Basie and his Orchestra.

15. Harlem became the magnet for writers, musicians, artists, political activists, and ordinary people who just wanted to have a good time. Music: “Take The ‘A’ Train -Duke Ellington Two important Civil Rights groups started in Harlem: the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and the National Urban League, founded in 1911 to help new arrivals from the rural south. Harlem: The magnet that attracted creative minds.

16. Leaders of that era: Marcus Garvey • Marcus Garvey was born in Jamaica. • He founded the newspaper The Negro World. • In 1917, he founded UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) in Harlem. • Garvey’s famous cry was "Africa for the Africans.”

17. Leaders of that Era(continued):W.E.B. Dubois • William Edward Burghardt Dubois, born in Massachusetts, was one of the founders of the NAACP in 1909. He was also the editor of its magazine “Crisis.” • A writer and civil rights activist, Dubois was the intellectual soul of the Harlem Renaissance. He has been termed the “Renaissance man of African-American letters.”

18. Langston Hughes, was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902, but he made his home in Harlem, N.Y. Langston Hughes wrote novels, short stories and plays, as well as poetry, and worked with jazz artists in shaping his own poetry. Music: Fletcher Henderson’s “Tidal Wave.” Langston Hughes:The Poet Laureate of the Harlem Renaissance

19. I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to new Orleans, and I've seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset. I've known rivers: Ancient, dusky rivers. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. Song: Introduction to Strange Fruit – Billie Holiday The Negro Speaks of Rivers ~Langston Hughes

20. Other famous writers of the Harlem Renaissance: • Claude McKay • Countee Cullen • Gwendolyn Brooks • Gwendolyn Bennett • James Weldon Johnson • James Baldwin • Zora Neale Hurston • Music: Harlem Madness by Fletcher Henderson’s Big Band Song:Lost Your Head Blues – Bessie Smith Zora Neale Hurston – one of Harlem’s most flamboyant and brilliant writers. Alice Walker called her “A genius of the South.”

21. When color ruled: The art of the Harlem Renaissance • “Lois Mailou Jones– in 1925 and in 1989

22. Other Artists of the Harlem Renaissance Aaron Douglas (1898-1979)Window Cleaning1935, oil on canvas30 by 24 in.Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery and Sculpture Garden, University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Nebraska Art Association Collection1936.N-40

23. Other famous artists of that time: Jacob Lawrence . . . • Painting on Left: Pool Parlor, 1942Jacob Lawrence (American, 1917–2000)Watercolor and gouache on paper; H. 31 1/8, W. 22 7/8 in. (79.1 x 58.1 cm)Arthur Hoppock Hearn Fund, 1942 (42.167) • Other famous painters were: William Henry Johnson and Hayden Palmer.

24. Music of the Harlem Renaissance: Jazz, Blues, Swing EleanoraFagan Holiday – “Billie” - was one of the greatest jazz vocalists of all time. “Strange Fruit,” an eerie and evocative song about the lynching of a black man is one of her most famous songs. “Before anybody could compare me with other singers, they were comparing other singers to me.” – Billie Holiday

25. I cover the waterfront I’m watching the sea Will the one I love Be coming back to me? I cover the waterfront In search of my love And I’m covered by a starless sky above I Cover The Waterfront~sung by Billie Holiday

26. Edward Kennedy Ellington (“Duke Ellington”) • Duke Ellington was the foremost among the great big band composers and musicians of the Harlem Renaissance period and beyond. • He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. • He also received honorary doctorates from Howard and Yale Universities. “My favorite tune? The next one. The one I’m writing tonight or tomorrow, The new baby is always the favorite.” Duke Ellington

27. Other musicians from that time period: Fletcher Henderson Coleman Hawkins Count Basie Count Basie, big band composer, arranger and bandleader. Fletcher Henderson, big band composer, arranger and bandleader. Coleman Hawkins, who played tenor saxophone in Fletcher Henderson’s Orchestra. Music: Count Basie – Shout and Feel It

28. Other musicians from that time period: Bessie Smith, originally a street musician in Chattanooga, Tennessee, recorded and performed with the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra. Louis Armstrong, originally from New Orleans, played in NYC with Fletcher Henderson for thirteen months and shot into national fame in the 1920s. Song: Lost Your Head Blues – Bessie Smith Louis Armstrong Bessie Smith Lost Your Head Blues Sung by Bessie Smith, “Empress of the Blues.”

29. Theater during the Harlem Renaissance: • Between 1912 and 1927, black theatres began featuring several different kinds of acts: • Vaudeville • minstrel shows • Singers • Dancers • Jugglers • Clowns • Comedians • Dancers • etc. • Some of the more renowned performers were: • S. H. Dudley • Andrew Tribble • Jeannie Pearl • Laurence Chenault • Ethel Waters.

30. Due Next Class! • Chapters 1-3 in “Their Eyes Were Watching God” by Zora Neale Hurston • Vocabulary words filled in for chapters 1-3 • Mini- biography that includes from your birth to death, written in 3rd person.