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Waste Policy of Korea: History, Current Status, and Revolutions in Waste Management

This document discusses the history, current status, and revolutions in waste management in Korea, including the introduction of economic incentives and the Albaro system. It explores the shift towards a resource recirculation society and the policy changes in waste management.

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Waste Policy of Korea: History, Current Status, and Revolutions in Waste Management

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  1. Waste Policy of Korea 5 December 2012 Chung, Heuk- Jin Advisor at ISPONRE  1

  2. 목 차 Ⅰ. The History of Waste Policy Ⅱ. Current Status of Waste Management Ⅲ. First Revolution of Waste Management Ⅳ. Second Revolution Ⅴ. Economic Incentives/voluntary agreement VI. Albaro System; electronic management system

  3. I.History of Waste Management The history and results of waste policy in Korea The history of waste policy in Korea: Legal system: 「Waste Control Act;1986」is the main legal system → Several laws for each items such as「Act on the Promotion of Saving and Recycling of Resources;2002」etc ‘Sanitary waste clean-up’ (environmental conserv. law;1977 ‘Waste Recycling’ (volume based fee charge system;1995) ‘Safe Waste Disposal’ (waste control act 1986) ‘Resources Circulation’ (recycling act;2002)

  4. Current Waste Management Laws and Regulations

  5. II. Current Status of Waste Generation and Treatment • As of 2007, Korea’s waste volume was 340,000 tons/day, and it has been on the gradual rise since 2000. • Though 81.1% of the total waste volume are recycled, the rest are treated in the follow way : landfill (11.2%), incineration (5.3%) and offshore discharge (2.4%). (unit : ton/day) 2

  6. III.First Revolution in Waste Management • Introduction of proportional fee charge system based on waste volume discharged; 1995 Fixed Fee System city Discharge Proportional fee Mixed Discharge Separate Discharge system diDischarg Recycle Non recycle Packed into certified envelops Traders collect City collect Recycling industry recycyling Landfill i market

  7. Achievement of First Revolution • Change in waste generation and treatment pattern after introduction of the new system(ton/day) • Performance in terms of change in composition of waste treatment(%)

  8. Pollution from waste Goal Efficient production & consumption → recycling → recovery of energy → advanced treatment Strategy Assessment of recyclability, certification of recycled product, waste-to-energy, conurbation of Treatment Volume-based waste fee system, EPR, treatment facilities Major Tasks “Wastes” Key Idea VI.Second Revolution in Waste Management(2002 –present) 1.PARADIGM SHIFT New Paradigm Previous Paradigm Depletion of natural resources & climate change Circumstances Resource recirculation society Pleasant living environment Reduction → recycling → treatment “Resources Recirculation”

  9. Zero Waste CO2 reduction Control of generation Reuse Recycling Energy resources Safe treatment 2. Strategy Change • Control of waste generation(Reduce) ⇒ Reuse and Recycling ⇒ Energy resources(Recovery) ⇒ Safe treatment : Promote to reduce CO2 and zero waste by building a waste treatment system(3R→4R) Resource Recirculation Society • A new paradigm covering energy and employment along with economy and environment has appeared. Energy Advent of energy recovery from waste and metal resources recycling Environment Environment Economy Economy Employment 4Es

  10. 3.WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY CHANGE Energy-efficient production, distribution, consumption Natural resources • Indicator: input of natural/recyclable resources • Tasks - reduce waste generation and food waste - reduce disposable items and packaging - stores do not provide plastic bags and low-income families get PAYT bags for free Nature wastes Recyclable resources Materials Advanced treatment for pollution prevention Material recycling to reduce of raw materials Green growth through higher resource productivity and recycling • Indicator: volume of treated wastes • Tasks - improve waste collection, transport, treatment and set up on-line system on waste management - Critical control on harmful wastes - “Clean Korea” • Indicator: the amount of recycled materials • Tasks - Urban mining(recycling industry complexes) - Promotion of food waste recycling - Certification for recycled products Energy recovery from waste resources • Indicator: the amount of energy recovery from waste resources • Tasks - energy from wastes and biomass - improve legal framework in energy - formation of environment and energy complex town

  11. 4.WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHANGE

  12. Waste to Energy 5.FROM WASTE TO ENERGY POLICY Waste to Energy Metropolitan Area Biomass Energy • Building Eco-towns in the landfill areas by 2020 • Building 10 Eco-towns in nation wide • Energy recovery from byproducts of forestry, agriculture and fishery • Forestation of bio-circulation forests • Cultivation of canola in idle farmland • RDF • Bio gas • Landfill gas • Incineration residual heat 16

  13. V.Introduction of Economic Incentive Policy Difficulties of Traditional Waste Treatment Policy It is true that the traditional waste policy was based on landfill and incineration. Problems of landfill and incineration. • Increase in cost of treatment facilities • Environmental problem of landfill or incineration plant • People are discontent with the facilities. Therefore, since the 1990s, Korean government has increasingly focused on recycling of the waste. Necessity of Economic Incentives on Recycling Policy Need to build up the Resources Circulation Society through promoting not only waste reduction but also resource recycling. The introduction of several policies to make successful results; (1)Waste Disposal Fee (2)Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR) (3)Voluntary Agreement(VA) (4)Eco-assurance system

  14. V.ECONMOMIC INCENTIVE TOOLS(1); Waste Disposal Fee

  15. V.ECONOMIC INCENTIVE TOOLS(2); Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)

  16. V.VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE INCENTIVE TOOL Voluntary Agreement (VA) of Plastic Collection, Recycling

  17. VI.ALLBARO SYSTEM; Electronic Waste Management System 1. Purpose of Introduction A waste treatment proof system for waste management has been conducted since 1999, considering the increasing importance of waste management and suitable treatment owing to industrialization. “Waste treatment proof system” Whenever the waste discharger, collector & transporter, and treatment business and supervising public concerned transfer and take over waste, they share and keep the paper transfer document. The use of the paper transfer document renders analyzing waste’s movement status in real time impossible. Moreover, considerable time and cost are wasted in managing all those documents; hence the need for the improvement of the paper document. Consequently, the Allbaro system that enables the online preparation and check of transfer document online has been operated since 2001.

  18. VI.ALLBARO SYSTEM; Electronic Waste Management System 2. System Composition & Results <Allbaro System Composition> The system cuts down expenses by KRW 133.6 billion, saves 9.8 million working hours, and prevents the illegal treatment of waste and indiscriminate waste disposal.

  19. VI.ALLBARO SYSTEM; Electronic Waste Management System 3.Waste Transfer and Takeover Information Management • The existing paper transfer and takeover document consists of 6 sheets; • With the establishment of the Allbaro system, however, the discharger, transporter, and treatment business enter the relevant information only once, and the relevant administrative agency can check the inputted details in real time. Therefore, the illegal treatment of waste can be prevented in advance.

  20. VI.ALLBARO SYSTEM; Electronic Waste Management System 4.Electronic Waste Treatment Authorization System

  21. Reference ‘Understanding the Allbaro System Properly’. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. Korea Environment Corporation. (www.allbaro.or.kr) ‘Implementing Environmental Policy Successfully’. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. ‘Korea’s 3R Policy’. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. ‘2007 Resource Recirculation Policy of Korea’. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. ‘Waste Reduction and Recycling’. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. ‘Korea Environmental Policy Bulletin-Allbaro’. 2008. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. ‘Korea Environmental Policy Bulletin-EPR’. 2010. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea.

  22. 쉬어가는 페이지… Thank you very much!

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