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Effect of Power System Harmonic on Equipments

Effect of Power System Harmonic on Equipments. Utility Customers Manufacturers Consultants Research Organizations PQ Standard Organizations Engineers Facility Designers. Research Division, PEA. Harmonic Sources. 6k + 1. SMPS. 12k + 1. DC & AC Drive. Electronic. Arc Furnaces.

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Effect of Power System Harmonic on Equipments

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  1. Effect of Power System Harmonic on Equipments Utility Customers Manufacturers Consultants Research Organizations PQ StandardOrganizations Engineers Facility Designers Research Division, PEA

  2. Harmonic Sources 6k+1 SMPS 12k+1 DC & AC Drive Electronic Arc Furnaces Spot Welding Transformer

  3. Symmetrical Component Anticlockwise Clockwise Negative Sequence Positive Sequence Zero Sequence

  4. Symmetrical Component

  5. Symmetrical Component

  6. System Connection & Harmonic Source Harmonic Source 50 Hz Order Sym. 1 + 2 - 3 0 4 + 5 - 6 0 7 + Positive Sequence (+) 3n + 1 H Negative Sequence (-) 3n - 1 Zero Sequence (0) 3n

  7. System Connection & Harmonic ลำดับที่1 2 3 4 56 7 8910 11 ความถี่50 100150 200250300350400450500 550 Sym.+ - 0 + - 0+ - 0+- Zero Sequence Zero Sequence

  8. Zero Sequence P Q Q P Reference

  9. Zero Sequence P Q Q P Reference

  10. Zero Sequence P Q Q P Reference

  11. Zero Sequence P Q Q P Reference

  12. Zero Sequence P Q Q P Reference

  13. Power Quality Monitoring Unipower Model 902 Meridian Fluke Model41B Hioki Dranetz Model 658

  14. Harmonic Power Flow 50 Hz + - Source Power Sink Source Sink

  15. Ex. Harmonic Power Flow 50 Hz + - Power Source Sink

  16. Harmonic Power Flow Source

  17. Harmonic Power Flow

  18. Harmonic Series Resonance (Low Impedance) Impedance (Z) R h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Harmonic Order

  19. Harmonic Series Resonance (Low Impedance) R

  20. Harmonic Series Resonance Order

  21. Finding Harmonic Series Resonance Order 1 MVAZ = 6.5 %

  22. Harmonic Parallel Resonance (High Impedance) Impedance (Z) R h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Harmonic Order

  23. Harmonic Parallel Resonance (High Impedance) IS IC R

  24. Harmonic Parallel Resonance (High Impedance)

  25. Harmonic Parallel Resonance (High Impedance) MVASC-HV MVA Tr %Z MVASC-LV

  26. Harmonic Parallel Resonance (High Impedance) 100 MVASC-HV 1 MVA Z = 6.5% MVASC-LV

  27. Effect on Miniature Circuit Breaker Thermal Trip (Overload) 5วินาที 1วินาที MCB Magnetic Trip (Short Circuit)

  28. Effect on Fuse

  29. 1,000 100 10 Time (seconds) 1 0.10 0.01 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Rated Current (%) Effect on Fuse Maximum Clearing Time Fuse 0.4 Sec < 0.4 Sec Relay Minimum Melting Time

  30. Effect on Capacitor

  31. Components of Capacitor I. Dry-type - no pollution or leakage risk II. Sequential Protection System • Self-Healing Capacitor Elements • Internally Protection Elements • Nonflammable Dry Vermiculite Filter III. Discharge Resistors IV. Terminal Studs V. Thermal equalizer VI. Steel enclosure VII. Light weight easy to install IPE Element IPE Wires Winding core Can Resin filling Sprayed contact layer Non self- healing windings Fuse Capacitor winding Sprayed contact layer

  32. Components of Capacitor • Electrode : a microscopically thin layer of conducting material, aluminum or zinc 0.01 microns • Dielectric : Polypropylene range from 5 to 10 microns Polypropylene Dielectric Aluminum Foil Electrode

  33. Effect on Capacitor Voltage Dielectric Stress = Thickness

  34. Harmonic and Capacitor Selection Sn :ขนาดของหม้อแปลง (kVA) Gh :ขนาดของโหลดที่สร้าง ฮาร์มอนิกส์(kVA)

  35. Harmonic and Capacitor Selection 400V 470/525V 525V Reactor

  36. Effect on Relay

  37. Effect on Relay Peak Sensing Peak Sensing Under protected Over protected True RMS Sensing Sampling Harmonic

  38. L3 3.L3 L1 3.L1 N L2 3.L2 Effect on Ground Relay

  39. Effect on Meter V I V I

  40. Effect on Conductors Skin Effect x Y

  41. Effect on Conductors Proximity Effect กระแสไหลในทิศทางเดียวกัน กระแสไหลในทิศทางตรงข้ามกัน

  42. Effect on Conductors 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 500 mm2 Increase in AC resistance(%) 240 mm2 185 mm2 70 mm2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Harmonic Order

  43. Effect on Conductors Copper Losses (Load Losses)

  44. Effect on Transformer Skin Effect Proximity Effect Copper Losses Eddy Current Losses คือ ค่าความสูญเสียจากกระแสไหลวนในขดลวดของหม้อแปลงไฟฟ้า เมื่อจ่ายโหลดแบบ Linear ที่พิกัดกระแส (50 Hz)

  45. Effect on Transformer Transformer Derating (K Factor) คือ ค่าความสูญเสียจากกระแสไหลวนในขดลวดของหม้อแปลงไฟฟ้า เมื่อจ่ายโหลดแบบLinear ที่พิกัดกระแส (50 Hz)

  46. Effect on Transformer Transformer Derating (K Factor) คือ ค่าความสูญเสียจากกระแสไหลวนในขดลวดของหม้อแปลงไฟฟ้า เมื่อจ่ายโหลดแบบLinear ที่พิกัดกระแส (50 Hz)

  47. Effect on Transformer Transformer Derating (K Factor) Transformer 25 MVA at 22 kV

  48. Effect on Transformer Transformer Derating (K Factor)

  49. Effect on Transformer Transformer Derating (K Factor)

  50. Effect on Transformer Transformer Derating (K Factor) Transformer can operate without damage Transformer can be damaged

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