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Warm-ups (Ch.7 – 09/13)

Warm-ups (Ch.7 – 09/13). In 1849, miners discovered a precious substance in California: gold. Within a year, prospectors flocked to California determined to strike it rich. QUESTION: Write a paragraph explaining that you have “gold fever” and are headed to California to make your fortune.

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Warm-ups (Ch.7 – 09/13)

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  1. Warm-ups (Ch.7 – 09/13) • In 1849, miners discovered a precious substance in California: gold. Within a year, prospectors flocked to California determined to strike it rich. • QUESTION: Write a paragraph explaining that you have “gold fever” and are headed to California to make your fortune.

  2. Conflict with Native Americans Chapter 7, Section 2

  3. Life of the Plains Indians • Buffalo – used every part • Farmers, hunters and gatherers • Horses – trading and raids • Nomads – people who travel from place to place (followed food source) • Warrior societies

  4. Indian Wars • Causes of Clashes • Native American traditions: land was sacred • Settlers felt justified in taking land b/c they could make it productive

  5. Government Policy • Making Treaties • Produced misunderstandings & fraud • basically took land w/o asking • Most “Chiefs” didn’t know what they were signing • Widespread corruption • Placed Indians on reservations • Indian react with frustration and anger

  6. Battlefield Challenges • Soldier’s Life on the Frontier • $13 a month • Leftover Civil War uniform • Rotten food • Duties: build forts, escort the mail, protect miners, stop gunfights, prevent liquor smuggling and stagecoach robbery and occasionally….fight Indians

  7. The Sand Creek Massacre, 1864 • Players: Southern Cheyenne, Arapaho, Black Kettle, Colonel John Chivington • Place: Central Plains • Cheyenne massacres prompt Chivington to kill up to 500 surrendered Cheyenne and Arapaho led by Black Kettle

  8. The Sand Creek Massacre, 1864

  9. Battle of Little Bighorn, 1876 • Players: Sioux, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, Lt. Colonel George A. Custer • Place: Northern Plains, Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana territories • U.S. tries to buy gold-rich Black Hills from Sioux; talks fail; Custer’s cavalry is sent to round up Sioux, but meets huge enemy force; Custer and some 200 men perish in “Custer’s Last Stand”

  10. Custer's Last Stand

  11. The Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890 • Players: Sioux, Sitting Bull, U.S. 7th Cavalry • Place: Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota • Ghost Dance raises fears of Sioux uprising; Sitting Bull killed in attempted arrest; His followers surrender and camp at Wounded Knee; Shots are fired; some 200 Sioux die

  12. The Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890

  13. New Policies • Attempts to change their culture • Assimilation: the process by which one society by adopting its culture • Dawes Act: divided reservation land into individual plots ( In hopes, to make families self-supportive, create pride and ownership.) • PROBLEM: Most reservation land was unsuitable for farming! Most Indians had no interest or experience in farming

  14. Indians “Civilized”

  15. Buffalo Exterminated

  16. Opening Indian Territory • April 22, 1889 • Oklahoma Land Rush: Settlers rushed at the sound of a bugle to find a piece of land • Boomers: settlers who staked claims • Sooners: people who sneaked by the government officials to stake their claim

  17. Native Americans See: - - - Pioneers see: - - - Expansion

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