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Substitution Reactions and Distillation

Substitution Reactions and Distillation. Lab Goals. Two week lab Week 2: We want to ask a question about elimination reactions, but we don’t have one of the reagents: 2-chloro-2-methylbutane Week 1 Goal: Make at least 3.0 mL of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. Substitution Reaction.

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Substitution Reactions and Distillation

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  1. Substitution Reactions and Distillation

  2. Lab Goals • Two week lab • Week 2: We want to ask a question about elimination reactions, but we don’t have one of the reagents: 2-chloro-2-methylbutane • Week 1 Goal: Make at least 3.0 mL of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane

  3. Substitution Reaction • Mechanistic Possibilities? • Propose a mechanism for reaction • How does the mechanism affect the practical aspects of the reaction? • Choice of solvent • Heat or cool?

  4. Experimental Flowchart • Conduct the reaction • Crude purification: Extraction • Purpose of base and brine extraction • Mainly purified liquid: How do we further purify and characterize? • Melting point? • Recrystallize? • TLC?

  5. Distillation • Purification • Characterization What’s wrong here?

  6. Separation and Boiling Point 35o 126o

  7. Separation of Pentane and Octane • Starting with 75% octane/ 25% pentane • L1: 75/25 mixture boils at 77oC • V1: at same temperature, composition is 15%/85% • L2: liquid condenses on glass as 15/85 mixture • V2: second vaporization is again enriched: 99% pure pentane

  8. Fractional Distillation • Separation of pentane and hexane • Theoretical plates • Limitation: azeotropes (non-ideal solutions)

  9. Reaction Flowchart • Conduct the reaction • Crude purification: Extraction • Final Purification and Characterization: Distillation • Proper set up • Do not allow to go to dryness • Save product for next week!

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