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Danilo Domenici G.Bencivenni, M.Calvetti, C.D’Ambrosio, M.Poli Lener

The HPPC: a proposal for a new gaseous detector for Positron Emission Tomography with high space and time resolution. Danilo Domenici G.Bencivenni, M.Calvetti, C.D’Ambrosio, M.Poli Lener. Componenti Gruppo HPPC. Giovanni Bencivenni 30% Mario Calvetti 50%

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Danilo Domenici G.Bencivenni, M.Calvetti, C.D’Ambrosio, M.Poli Lener

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  1. The HPPC: a proposal for a new gaseous detector for Positron Emission Tomography with high space and time resolution Danilo Domenici G.Bencivenni, M.Calvetti, C.D’Ambrosio, M.Poli Lener

  2. Componenti Gruppo HPPC Giovanni Bencivenni 30% Mario Calvetti 50% Chiara D’Ambrosio 100% Danilo Domenici (Resp. Naz.) 80% Marco Poli Lener 20% TOT FTE 2.8 Contatti con TERA per l’organizzazione di un workshop su PET-Online Danilo Domenici

  3. Positron Emission Tomography Danilo Domenici

  4. Small Animal PET Motivations Humans and mice have 95% of common genes mice are a platform for simulating human diseases 6 mm FWHM (200 mm3)  1 mm FWHM ( 1 mm3) Dedicated R&D and detectors needed to fulfill the high-resolution requirements Validation of new detectors concept is needed to access clinical cases Danilo Domenici

  5. How to improve PET? Multilayer gas detector Multilayer design N x (conversion layer + active detector) Active detector micro-gap Resistive Plate Chamber Very high time resolution DOI measurement parallax correction random rejection Danilo Domenici

  6. DOI + TOF Advantages Off-center emission Parallax error • DOI: coordinate of photon interaction along the line of flight • needed to correct parallax error for events far from tomography axis • DOI + TOF: rough estimation of the coordinate of positron annihilation Random coincidences Random events  2twTime resolution Depth Of Interaction determination TOF + DOI  constraint on Z reconstruction Possible solution: HPPC Danilo Domenici

  7. HPPC Principle Of Operation • Parallel plate detector with resistive electrode • Thin gap (~500 μm) to enhance the time resolution (~200 ps) • Robust, reliable and relatively inexpensive • Can be used for photon detection with suitable converter • Modularity naturally allows a multi-layer design to increase efficiency • No energy measurement Avalanche operation with C2H2F4 – iC4H10 – SF6 glass electrode (resistive material) ~300mm gold electrode (photon converter) Danilo Domenici

  8. HPPC Single Layer Design Hybrid: the anode is resistive (glass), the cathode is conductive (gold) FOV: 100x100 mm2 50μm kapton with 3μm gold film GND gas gap + HV 550μm float glass 500μm FR4 spacers outside active area HV distribution resistive coating (~1MΩ/) 50μm kapton with 5μm X-strips kapton circuit supports the cathode of the following layer 50μm kapton with 5μm Y-strips Many single layers are stacked to realize one detector Danilo Domenici

  9. HPPC Tower Design Basic design of HPPC for high-resolution PET scanner • 48 stacked single RPC • Readout planes are 4-fold ORed • X-Y: 4 mm digital readout pitch (OR of 10 strips: 1.2 mm spatial resolution) • Z: ~2 mm measurement of Depth Of Interaction (OR of 4 layers: 12 planes for parallax correction) • ~200 ps time resolution • ~10% photon efficiency • ~100x100 mm2 Field Of View • 2 heads for coincidences detection Danilo Domenici

  10. HPPC Prototype Parts Gold electrode deposited on kapton foil with FR4 frame Glass electrode with resistive coating to distribute HV Danilo Domenici

  11. HPPC FLUKA Simulation Results PET and HPPC intrinsic space resolutions efficiency vs gold thickness HPPC space resolution 1.2mm physical PET resolution limit 0.5mm FWHM gold thickness limited by economical reasons Danilo Domenici

  12. HPPC Photon Position Sensitivity 2 gaussian (σ = 0.2 mm) sources separated by 1mm hit spatial position X-Y view peak separation 10% degradation on resolution due to electron range FWHM = 0.52 mm ~5% fraction of scattered events Danilo Domenici

  13. Stato attivita` • Attivita` 2006 finanziata dallaDIREZIONE LNF (~100 k€) • Acquisto circuiti readout per 4 layers • Acquisto parti meccaniche • Avvio laboratorio dedicato (Sistemi GAS, DAQ, HV) • Previsione attivita’ 2006 • Test di funzionalita`con prototipo a bassa efficienza (4 layers) • Previsione attivita`2007+2008 • Costruzione prototipo piena efficienza (48 + 48 double head) • Realizzazione ~500 canali di elettronica a componenti discreti • Test completo con sorgente di positroni e fantoccio ad acqua Danilo Domenici

  14. Richieste 2007 • CONSUMI • Circuiti readout+converter (CERN) 20 k€ • Elettronica di Front-End 10 k€ • Verniciatura resistiva vetri 5 k€ • Cavi, connettori, gas, metabolismo 5 k€ • TOTALE 45 k€ • MISSIONI ESTERE • Contatti ditte e enti (CERN, TERA) 5 k€ • TOTALE45 k€ Danilo Domenici

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