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Flanges

Flanges .

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Flanges

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  1. Flanges

  2. Flanges are used in the equipment to facilitate disassembly of different component like head and shell connection, nozzle and pipe connection, shell to shell connection like in distillation column, pipe to pipe connection. All such type of connections if want to make them easily detachable type, then they should be flanged joint. • Flanged joint consists of flange which are made from hard material like metal. Two flanges are joined together by bolts.

  3. If two hard surfaces like flanges are joined directly by bolts, liquid and gas can easily pass through this type of joint. Hence whenever two hard surface like flanges are joined together by bolts, elastic material called gasket is always placed in between two hard surfaces. • In some cases gasket cover the entire contacting surfaces. In other cases gasket OD does not extend beyond the bolt holes.

  4. Different types of standard flanges • Welding-neck flange • Welding neck flange is having a long tapered hub between the flange ring and weld joint • Due to tapered construction discontinuity of stresses are reduced. • Used in extreme temperature and pressure conditions. • Costlier

  5. Slip on flange • This type of flange does not have long tapered hub. • Low cost • Strength of slip on flange is two-third of weld-neck flange • Used in moderate temperature and pressure conditions where fluctuations are not expected.

  6. Lap joint flange • Lap joint flanges are usually used with lap-joint stub. • Combined cost of two parts are 30% greater than the cost of weld-neck joint. • Same ability of withstanding pressure without leaking as slip on flange. • Dismantling is easier.

  7. Screwed flange • Screwed flange can be easily connected and removed from threaded pipe, without welding. • Can not be used in equipment which is vibrated like agitated vessel. • Can not be used where temp. and pressure are fluctuated. • It is used for high alloy shell material which can not be welded.

  8. Blind Flange • Used to close pressure vessel openings, which are either spare nozzel or instrument like pressure guage attached to that nozzel is under repair or equipment like pump attached to any nozzel is under maintainance. • Blind flange can not absorb the stresses created by thermal expansion, but it can be used with the use of expansion bellow.

  9. Rating of standard flanges • Standard flanges are rated as 150 #, 300 #, 600 #, 900 #, 1500 #, 2500# • These ratings corresponds to the maximum withstanding pressure at specified temperature. • For Ex. 150# standard flange can withstand 150 psi pressure at 500 0F • Standard flanges are available up to size 24 inch size

  10. Non standard flange • It is fabricated from plate. If shell, nozzel or pipe are not standard size, then we have to design non standard flanges. • In practice, when pipe size is greater than 12 inch then flange is fabricated from plate

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