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Volcanoes and Cultures

Volcanoes and Cultures. Frank A. Trusdell, USGS HVO. Volcanic Crisis Invited as an Advisor Evacuations. Cape Verde 1995. Local legend has it that when God had finished with creation he brushed his hands and the crumbs that fell into the sea formed the Cape Verde islands.

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Volcanoes and Cultures

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  1. Volcanoes and Cultures Frank A. Trusdell, USGS HVO

  2. Volcanic Crisis Invited as an Advisor Evacuations Cape Verde 1995

  3. Local legend has it that when God had finished with creation he brushed his hands and the crumbs that fell into the sea formed the Cape Verde islands. Formation of Cape Verde

  4. Cape Verde Islands Located ~500 km off the west coast of Africa

  5. Fogo Volcano Historical eruptions View from NE

  6. Fogo 1995

  7. Winery: Economic Cornerstone

  8. Fogo: Societal Impacts

  9. Volcanic Crisis Invited as an Advisor Evacuations Ecuador 1999

  10. Ecuadorian Indians worshiped the some of the volcanoes as Gods. Significance of the Volcanoes

  11. Tungurahua: 1999

  12. Tungurahua: Banos sits at the foot of the volcano

  13. Tungurahua: crater

  14. Tungurahua:

  15. Evacuation Ordered

  16. Guagua Pichincha:crater

  17. Guagua Pichincha:Seismicity

  18. Guagua Pichincha:EQ daily counts

  19. Refugee Camp:Guagua Pichincha

  20. Guagua Pichincha:crater

  21. November 1999

  22. USGS Involvement in CNMI: invited Started in 1990 with proactive monitoring Program Age dating Hydrothermal Seismic Hazards Assessment Deformation Mapping

  23. Fu‘uña made: With His Body, She Made The Earth With His Breast, She Made The Sky With The Right Eye, She Made The Sun With The Left Eye, She Made The Stars And The Moon And With His Eyebrows, She Made The Rainbows Creationist Legend(Chamorro) Puntan and his sister, Fu‘uña, were born of space and had neither a father nor a mother. They existed before the sky and the earth.When it was Puntan's time to die, he instructed his sister to make a place for humans

  24. In a Mt. Sasalaguan there lived a god named Chaifi. He governed the winds, the waves, and fire. He created souls in his blacksmith shop to be his slaves. One day he was busy pounding out another soul into shape. Since he was in a hurry, he put too much wood in his oven. All of a sudden the whole place exploded into a huge eruption. Ash and stones were thrown into the air, and rivers of liquid fire began to pour down the sides of Mt. Sasalaguan. Volcano God: Chaifi

  25. Chaifi Legend: Cont’d • Chaifi began a search for any souls who might have escaped in the explosion. • One of the souls fell to the earth at Fouha Bay on Guam and turned to stone. The rock was near the ocean, and the waves caressed the rock's feet. • Over time, the sun shone on the rock, and the rain and wind weathered it and it softened as the rain fell, turning into a man. • The man didn't like being alone. So he made some companions for himself from red earth and water. • He used the heat of the sun to give the man a soul. He made both men and women, calling them children of the earth. Fouha Rock

  26. Mt. Pagan 1981 • >40,000 ft ash column • Volcanian phase • Residents evacuated • USGS invited to assist

  27. Eruption of Mt Pagan Mt Pagan, 1994

  28. Anatahan May 10, 2003

  29. Photo P. Shore

  30. Anatahan Volcano: June 16, 2003.

  31. New Zealand

  32. Maui pulled up a gigantic fish called Hahau-whenua The land that was created from this fish is now known as Te Ika-a-Maui, or the fish of Maui, Of these mountains, the volcanoes Taupo and Tongariro make up the belly of the fish Ruapehu is a great mountain sent to quell the turbulence of the great 'fish' hauled from the sea by Maui to form the North Island. Creationist Legend

  33. According to legend, the high priest, Ngatoroirangi (Nga-toro-i-rangi) was caught in a blizzard while climbing Mount Ngauruhoe. He prayed to his sisters in Hawaiki to send him fire to save him from freezing.  The flames they sent south emerged first at White Island, then Rotorua and Taupo before finally bursting at Ngatoroirangi’s feet. Thus Ngatoroirangi is credited with bringing volcanic activity to Aotearoa New Zealand - not as a curse upon the land, but as a blessing.  How Volcanic Activity Arrived in NZ

  34. Instead of fearing the forces still shaping the land, from the beginning, it seems the people of New Zealand have embraced them.  Maori accepted them as the work of the god Ruamoko, in whose domain all geothermal activity belonged. New Zealanders accept forces of change

  35. Mauna Loa Volcano Frank Trusdell – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

  36. 1984 Photo By D. Little

  37. When Will The Next Eruption Be?

  38. Summit Crossing baseline: GPS

  39. Deformation Source: GPS

  40. Mauna Loa Seismicity Histogram of Earthquake Counts at Mauna Loa Summit Hypocenters before and during 1975 Eruption Hypocenters before and during 1983 Eruption Current Hypocenters

  41. Number of LPs beneath Mauna Loa

  42. Mauna Loa Seismicity: Is it volcano related seismicity?

  43. 1984 Photo By D. Little

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