Dreams and dreaming

1. Dreams and dreaming

2. Dreamsbasics • We all dream, at least if we are healthy, though some never remember • And even they can be taught • The amygdala (emotion) often active • While dreaming is highly associated with REM sleep, the two are not inseparable • REM can take place without dreaming • We don’t need REM to dream, but such dreams are usually much more mundane

3. Rem dreams • Often quite bizarre • Full of visual imagery, sounds and intense emotion • Prompted by brain structures associated with motivation, emotion, and reward and then spun through our potent visual association areas • No access to reflective thought or reality

4. What, if anything, do they mean? • Do they foretell the future? • Do they reflect wishes unfulfilled? • Can they diagnose illnesses? • Do they have any adaptive value? • Should we ever be ashamed of our dreams?

5. Common dreams • They often relate to current concerns • They often involve things that could go wrong • Frequent themes: falling being chased naked in public sex

6. Perspectives on dreaming • Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) • Struck by how often clients described them • Viewed them as indispensable to understanding personality – “The royal road to the unconscious.”

7. More Freud • Analyzed his own • Viewed them as symbolic, with two levels of meaning • Manifest content – their apparent meaning • Latent meaning – their hidden, real meaning • We censor our real desires • Carl Jung viewed as a progression

8. Carlos castenada • 70’s sensation • A shaman’s apprentice? • His best selling books focused attention on the conscious manipulation of the dream state, done to gain personal power • Better known as lucid dreaming • Fact or fiction? • As for Carlos,…..

9. Dreams and creativity • Some believe that dreams can help us solve difficult problems • Focus on this puzzle before you fall asleep: • The letters o t t f f form the start of an infinite series. Find a simple rule for determining all successive letters. According to this rule what would the next two letters be? • Dr. William Dement

10. Activation- synthesis theory • Dreams arise when the pons sends random signals to the cerebral cortex during REM sleep • The cerebral cortex than tries to tie these together into some sort of a coherent tale by comparing these neuronal firings with stored memories

11. Neurocognitive theory • Dreams are a type of thinking that happens under special conditions • Three factors: cortical activity little sensory stimulation loss of control over thinking • This combination leads to a situation where emotions and imagination run wild

12. Neurocog ii • Systematic studies reveal that people usually dream about things they are concerned about • Cognitive maturity facilitates dreaming • Finally, this theory claims that dreams lack any adaptive value, they are just a curious by-product of our cognitive capabilities

13. Dream diaries • To best remember dreams: Every night tell yourself that you will remember your dreams Keep your diary right by your bed Write them down immediately Tell someone else Keep track of life events Record your interpretations

14. A dream before dying • Many have noted the profound dreams people often experience shortly before death • Rev. Patricia Bulkey, a chaplain for a hospice, has collected a number of these • Her work has noted common themes: going on journeys reunions with deceased loved ones

15. Before dying ii • Strangely, although the dreams often point to the inevitability and finality of death, they usually soothe • Part of family lore • Sometimes they warn of unfinished business • Lincoln, Yung