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Physical versus Chemical Properties

Physical versus Chemical Properties. The study of matter. Reviewing MATTER. Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Mass – the amount of matter in something Volume – the amount of space something occupies Which of the following is matter? A car? A box? You?.

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Physical versus Chemical Properties

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  1. Physical versus Chemical Properties The study of matter

  2. Reviewing MATTER • Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space • Mass – the amount of matter in something • Volume – the amount of space something occupies • Which of the following is matter? • A car? • A box? • You?

  3. What is a property? • Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed

  4. Intensive and Extensive Properties • Physical and chemical properties may be intensive or extensive.

  5. What are intensive properties? • Intensive properties are properties that do not depend on the size of the sample of matter and can be used to identify substances.

  6. What are extensive properties? • Extensive properties are properties of matter that depend on the quantity of the sample.

  7. Physical Property Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. • Examples: • luster • malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet • ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire • melting point • boiling point • density • solubility • specific heat

  8. Special Physical Properties • Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure water = 0oC • Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water = 100oC

  9. Chemical Properties • Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance • Examples: • flammability • ability to rust • reactivity with vinegar

  10. Density • Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. • Density can be used to identify a substance. • The density of water is 1.0g/mL

  11. Density Calculations • Calculations: D = m/V = g/mL = g/cm3 • Ex: A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or sink in water? Mass = 2.8 g Volume = 3.67 mL D = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL • This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).

  12. More Density Calculations • Ex: A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the substance. M=25.6 g V=31.6 mL D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL D= 0.81 g/mL The substance is ethanol.

  13. ODOR Can be observed or measured without changing it. COLOR This property can only be observed during a chemical reaction. Does not form a new substance STATE FLAMMABILITY MASS One or more substances are changed into new substances that have new and different properties. REACTIVITY Describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter with different properties

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